Ceratopteris Fern Growth and Analysis Essay Example for Free

Ceratopteris Fern Growth and Analysis EssayI AbstractObserving the effects of ammonium nitrate has on the germination days of C-Fern gametophytes by constructing an experiment with two spore-sown petri servicees, one control and one treatment a normal nutrient-rich agar petri dish and an ammonium nitrate-containing petri dish respectively. The two petri dishes were each inoculated with three drops of spore suspension by a pipet, past spores were spread by a sterilized-bent newspaper publisher clip to vacate even distribution of spores.Gametophyte germination occurred approximately two workweeks subsequently inoculation for the control, and gametophyte germination occurred approximately three weeks after inoculation for the treatment thus possibly suggesting ammonium nitrate worked to hinder the mitotic cell division in the haploid gametophyte. II IntroductionC-Fern begins with a haploid spore known as the spore imbibition (Hickok, Warne 2009), then after 3 to 4 days the spore allow for develop into a gametophyte via mitosis after germination. This is a photoautotrophic process. The gametophyte allow for then undergo differentiation (Hickok, Warne 2009), to form the antheridium and the archegonium after 6 to 8 days (Hickok, Warne 2009). Following the gametophyte displaying its hermaphrodite form, sexual maturity allows cross-fertilization to occur between the spermatozoon from antheridium and the pelt from archegonium. After one sperm fertilizes the egg, a zygote forms, thus forming a diploid cell (Hoshizaki 2001).The formation of the zygote exemplifies sporophytes alternation of generations via the diploid cell completing mitosis and meiosis yet still retaining a full set of genetic material. In other words, alternation of generation refers to going from a multicellular diploid form to a multicellular haploid form. (Hickok, Warne 2009).The fertilized egg develops into a sporophyte by mitosis to form a microscopic young fern (embryo), which is a gametophyte under the reproductive leaves called sporangia. Note that sporophytes are diploid and gametophytes are haploid. When the sporophyte reaches maturity, it releases spores via meiosis, then the spores give undergo mitosis, thus forming gametophytes, and the life sentence cycle continues (Brooker 2011). Figure 1 is a pictorial depiction of the life cycle of a fern. pic Figure 1 The life cycle of a fern. 1This experiment aims to discover the germination time of C-Fern under a controlled condition and a treatment condition. Experimenting if the treatment of ammonium nitrate will allow faster germination of the C-Fern. Some data shows that ammonium nitrate possibly functions as a fertilizer for many species of plants, however, not all plants will reap the benefits of ammonium nitrate (Aderkas 1984). 2 The null hypothesis of this experiment is that the ammonium nitrate will not hinder the rate of germination of the C-Fern, thus the data obtained from the control will not ha ve a statistical difference from the data obtained from the treatment.III MethodsTwo 60 mm petri dishes were prepared. One labeled C for control, another labeled T for treatment. The control contained a layer of agar and the treatment contained agar and ammonium nitrate. Petri dish for control was inoculated with three drops of C-Fern spore suspension via a pipette, and petri dish for treatment was inoculated three drops of C-Fern spore suspension via the same pipette. A Bunsen burner was used to sterilize a bent T shaped paper clip, the paper clip was used to spread the spore suspension in the petri dish for control. The same paper clip was sterilized again by a 70% ethanol solution and was used to spread spore suspension in treatment petri dish. Two petri dishes were each covered with a lid and now considered culture trays, culture trays then were transported to a climate controlled light dome for optimal growth. Light dome maintained a full spectrum of light 24/7 with temperatur e in the turn over of 28 to 30 degrees Celsius. Observations were make on every Friday at approximately 310 pm for the next 3 weeks.Spores were sown in the week of September 10th and no observations were made. First observation was made in the week of September 17th, Friday 308 pm, the control displayed some growth with flagella-like hair, however, no germination was observed. The treatment did not display any signs of growth, only air-like bubbles were observed. Second observation was made in the week of September 24th, Friday 310 pm, the control displayed germination, gametophytes were tangible under the microscope, however, hermaphrodites were not significantly observed. The treatment still does not display signs of germination, only small green spores were observed under the microscope. Last observation was made in the week of October 1st, Friday 305 pm, the control displayed significant signs of growth, it appeared that fertilization took place and an embryo was in developmen t. The treatment only displayed minimal germination, however, some spores appeared to be infested with fungus.

Playing monopoly Essay Example for Free

Playing monopoly EssayPretend to embrace a engine room and become the major source for that technology like buy out the competitors. Declare it obsolete because your original way is break down. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your followers are naive newbies. Bring out the grey-headed idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio . Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software package geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didnt hold out that you could do all(prenominal)thing exactly the way Microsoft claims you can in their new invention. It is very much clear about incidences that Microsoft has been unethical in its approaches. Rather that applying their own thoughts, almost of the products they have released by copying ideas unethicall y from former(a) competitors products. Rather than having the fair competition in the securities industry Gates always act to monopolize the market. Though all the monopoly has brought him profit but ethically Microsoft didnt 2. some(prenominal) of the characteristics of the market that created monopoly market that Microsofts operating outline enjoyed are as follows Incorporation of various Microsoft applications like Windows Digital Media Player and Internet adventurer in 1995 with its operating system of rules gave an advantage to the company as this monopoly worked out for them. Users exploitation Windows didnt want themselves to get into trouble of purchasing a different browser and different Media Payer. Users were alike not ready to pay extra capital for buying other companies applications, as all those applications were readily accessible with Microsofts operating system.Every company was releasing their applications and operating systems in the market and every time Microsoft was able to know their programs. Using those programs Microsoft created monopoly in the market by releasing advanced version of competitors products. As when Navigator came in 1994, Microsoft launched Internet Explorer which was borrowed from Spyglass Inc. and made it similar to Navigator. It incorporated Internet Explorer with Windows. Media player was also incorporated in Windows. Sun Microsystemss Java was also licenced to Microsoft first and then Microsoft built its own Microsoft java permitting Windows Users to be compatible with it.In the software industry users did not want to shift to new products or applications until proper training and workshops are organized. Microsofts used good PLAYING MONOPOLY MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 9zi strategies for training users. With the Installation disk, a proper tour of Windows is provided to facilitate user.Attorney superior general Janet Reno filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft in the court of Judge Thomas Jackson. Microsoft made the computer companies using Windows as their operating system not to license, distribute or promote competitive software products of other companies. It embedded Internet Explorer with Windows and thus demolished consumer freedom to go for any other Browser add-on it also degraded windows performance.In the agreements with computer companies those using Windows, Microsoft wanted them to leave Internet Explorer as the default WebBrowser and didnt will installation of any other browser. The judge was having complete authority to take hard actions against Microsofts unethical business strategies. As per the case study it is manifest that Microsoft has used various unethical business strategies to make their business profitable. Microsoft copied the copyright of Apples OS/2 and developed its own operating system on the same line.Moreover they forced users to use its Internet Explorer and digital media player. They suppressed the platform independent fu nctionality of Suns Java by releasing Microsofts Java and making it cross platform language. In my view, government should not have sued Microsoft. Consumers were well satisfied by Windows which was evident from the market share of its use. So signing of agreement involves approval of computer companies and Microsoft and if computer companies have signed that agreement that means they werent having any problems and neither consumers upon implementing the agreement.So Microsoft just used a marketing strategy over here. Judge Jacksons order was fair for the competitors as well as for the software industry because Microsoft has really invoked the monopoly situation in the market. It was essential to have fair competition in the market. As an operating system and applications are totally 2 different aspects and Microsoft should not club these two aspects. This order would have helped competitors and users to choose their favorite applications. From Microsofts point of view it was not t he fair decision, as they never wish to separate their business into two domains.It was a marketing strategy adopted by Microsoft so that it can withstand with the PLAYING MONOPOLY MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 9zi competition. According to them it also facilitated consumers for not spending their money in buying other corresponding software and also playing a risk of installing and uninstalling. According to the settlement between Microsoft and DOJ, Microsoft was asked to share its application schedule interface with other software rivals and to allow users to hide Internet Explorer icon from the screen.It was asked not to prevent other competitors programs to install on its operating system and not to retaliate against computer makers in releasing their products. This settlement was officially approved by Judge Kollar-Kotelly on November 1, 2003. The decision was really fair for the competitors as well as users. The decision has created free competitive market in the software industry. It allows users to use other available applications and allow them to hide icons which they do not want to use. From competitors point of view market became much more open to release more products with advanced technologies.This play also helped people to think out of Microsofts box and helped to showcase their technical skills. As a result various new operating systems with better performance than Windows like Linux, Suse, Monopoly of Microsofts operating system has harmed everyone from users to computer producers. Dueto unavailability of fair market the users were bound to use Microsofts operating system and applications. They were unable to hide icons of the Microsofts applications from their operating system. From producers point of view, they were not free to launch Windows compatible applications due to unavailability of Windows application programming interface in the market. The competition became minimal in the market due to monopoly enjoyed by Micr osoft. Due to monopoly in the market one single company Microsoft was holding maximum market share. It hampered the technical advancement and innovation in the market as well.Some of the following public policies could be used to deal with monopoly organization should issue some standards for a given technology/system/product which should be followed by everyone in the industry. Anti-monopoly law can be created to prevent monopoly to communicate in the market. Some policies can be incorporated in the system to motivate and encourage newly launched companies to increase the innovation in the market. PLAYING MONOPOLY MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 9zi Some policies should be made to share information among the companies whose applications are inter dependant.

Safe System of Work for Equipment at Height

Safe System of Work for Equipment at HeightIntroductionConstruction industrys industrial accidents is more than than other industries. The accident rate per 1000 surviveers was 35.9. Among which the highest number of deaths involved in operative at height. Which were related to fall of somebody from height. Working at height in the social expression work involving of temporary or transient workss environment condition means a lot of inherent hazards and authority hazards. Construction work, guard in the work place is very important, it is essential. Therefore, essentialiness take the necessary security measures to ensure the sentry duty operation.Back accountI am a manager of the Engineering Department of Excellent Property Management Limited. Recently, I observe that fatal accidents involving working at height is a study trend in 2013. While the workers of our company and the outsourced contractors in the estates and plazas atomic number 18 victimization various facili ties in per makeing their jobs in working at heights.ObjectiveA study of four commonly routined equipment for working at height melt downs, mobile showcase tubular supports, elevated working computer programs and bamboo supports. Analyze their function, limitations, risk and encountered in the work processes. Provide relating local prophylactic legislations, Codes of Practices and guidance to the workers.It should to develop for the safe system of work. Which procedural inspected work tasks to find the potential hazards, Inherent risks. Providing the safety and heath policy or strategies in controlling the hazards and demonstrate the understanding of common health and safety management system.Equipment for working at heightThe common of equipment in working at height ladders, mobile type tubular supports, elevated working platforms and bamboo scaffolds.LaddersLadders are the most common ancillary tools for working at height. A simple tools for gaining access to higher levels . Therefore, involving highest number of workers are injured while working at height.Functions of laddersPortable, easy and convenient.Widely utilizationd in various construction units.Easy storageLimitations for use of laddersInspect the ladder before every times and regularly afterwards.Must check the ladder side and ladder move has burst, it has broken rung ladder before use, and whether there are loose or anti-slide pedal to lose and so on.Indicate whether the ladder meets safety standards. fabricate attention to the ladders safe working load, make sure not to pass by the load when using.Where a handhold is available on the ladder.Ladder position on a firm and level groundLadders must be firmly in supporting the matter, if not fastened to the ladder, the ladder should be regain under one reference help.Ladders only for 2 meters below the lightweight workNot suitable for long duration or high oftenness for work at height.Not suitable for long duration or high frequency for work at height.At a height of 2m or more, ladders only be used for access and egress, and not a place to workDuring ascent, work and descent on ladder, worker should be capable of retaining cardinal points of contact with the ladder.Ladders must be at the proper angle eyes on the supports, the angle is too large or too small jackpot lead to accidents.Strict compliance with the manufactures instructions and safety warnings. lay on the line for use ladders fall of person from heightThe footwear is from mud or grease before climbing up a ladder.The ladder is unstable and resting on an uneven and soft soil ground.The insufficient space behind the step to provide a proper footing.Never overload the ladder, more than one person is working from a ladderWhich should be avoided as far as possible for using laddersUse any ladder that is already bent or ladder steps has burstConnect short ladders together to form long ones.Overstretch the body to either sides of the ladder.Position the ladd er at the place where workingPaint something on ladder to cover up taint and defects.Ladders are used as a working platform.Not following the manufactures instructions and safety warnings.Not compliant with international safety standards.Training for workerThe worker for use ladder must have related safety training or supervise to guidance to the workers.The correct proficiency for climbing of ladder. (Three-point contact)Elevated Working PlatformsThe elevated working platforms is very convenient for ancillary tools for working at height. This is considered to be work equipment that prevents a fall. It is a do work to working at height, such as ceiling maintenance work , repair and c escapeing the height air conditioning, lighting or external wall.Limitations for use of elevated working platformConsider the work requirement the carrying message, height of elevation, mobility and stability.The elevated working platform should be match for operation site, on the roadway and enviro nmental conditions and limitation.The safety alley for access and egress from the elevated working platformsThe important point is the manufacturer or the agents company provides training course on operations, inspection, identify risks, initial fault strain, Fault reporting mechanism and operation of the elevated working platforms.Start to inspect and screen out the platform before use every timeCalculate and record the every time loading weight for manned and equipment to be ensure not exceed the limitation upper limit safety work loading.Ensure the elevated working platforms have guard-rails is hard, stable and secure.Has a slip-resistant floor.Install of the toe-boards round at the edge of the platform.Ensure the operation is flat level during the rising and falling, does not occur uneven phenomenon.Enclosed working area of the elevated working platform to avoid endangering others personsMust wear safety harnesses with lanyards securely attached to platforms anchorage points. Risk for use elevated working platformsFall of person from height for guard-rail loose or broken.The workers by injured on elevated working platform due to the platform move.The elevated working platform and worker are falling due to exceed the limitation maximum safety work loading.Which should be avoided as far as possible for using elevated working platformsMove the elevated working platforms when the workers still on itNot secure all guard-rails of the elevated working platforms.Excessive dependence and sit on guard-rails of the elevated working platforms.Riding on the guard-rails up to higher level for working.Lean over out of the work platform outside.Ignore the examine, test and maintain the platform regularly.Work in the absence seizure of adequate of adequate training and instructionsTraining for workerThe worker for use elevated working platform must have related safety training or supervise to guidance to the workers.The worker should be have the following knowledge, befo re begining to workdetailed safety operating procedures condition by the manufacturerlimitations on using the elevated working platformlimitations on working loadingitems to check before using the elevated working platform anddemonstration and practice on the operating procedures.Mobile type tubular scaffoldsMobile type tubular scaffolds is for temporary structure to support work and access platforms. Mobile type tubular scaffolds can be used for different purposes in different construction activities. To building, pull down and modifying of scaffolding must be carried out in compliance with the Construction Sites ( preventative) Regulations and Codes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal hold up rubber eraser of the Labour Department.Limitations for use of mobile type tubular scaffoldsThe safety passageway for access and egress from the mobile type tubular scaffolds.Suitable tail 900mm 1150mm top rail, 450mm -600mm mid rail and minimum 200mm high toe board.Toe boards must rise at least 200mm.Has a fencing and outriggers in mobile towerNot suitable for outdoor work in strong winds and inclement weather.Provide enough supporting point to fixing the scaffolding to the building.That could have an adverse effect of weather conditions on the scaffolding work should be always monitored and should be taken and provide to maintain the stability of the scaffold and the plant, equipment and works.The hold up should be provide and setting with double guard rails and toe boards. additional measure such as nylon net is also required to prevent materials, tools or equipment falling.The boards and planks should be unpainted so that any defects are readily visible.To building, dismantling and modifying of scaffolding must be conducted by trained worker under the immediate supervision of a competent person.Boards and planks used in the construction of working platform should be protected against splitting.Mobile type tubular scaffolds placed on a firm and level ground, on different ground come along require different supportHard surface is sufficient hardness and thickness to support the scaffolding, but preferably to be placed on a base plate.Other surfaces is any type of flooring or paving which would be penetrated by a standard with a base plate infra it or if there is doubt about the surface, should be used base plates or metal packing plates at the bottom of the standards.The supports for a scaffold should be maintained in an adequate condition during the life of the scaffold.The width of working platform of the scaffold not less than 400mm.The group of boards across the width of the scaffold should be consistent with the same length, with all boards of the same thickness.The angle of ladder for the ratio of vertical with horizontal level not more than 4 to 1.Risk of toppling when using mobile type tubular scaffoldsOver the carrying capacity for the top of the working platform.A ladder is placed on the top of working platform to extend to ga ining access higher level.The tower is placed on sloping or uneven ground.Which should be avoided as far as possible for using mobile type tubular scaffoldsMove the elevated working platforms when the workers still on itClimb a mobile type tubular scaffold when the wheels are unlocked.In windy or spartan weather conditions to use a mobile type tubular scaffold for outdoor work.Move the mobile type tubular scaffold when workers or materials still on the working platform.Training for workerA trained workman has satisfactorily completed a ball training in metal scaffolding works equivalent to any of those mentioned for a competent person or has satisfactorily passed the intermediate trade test for metal scaffolder of the CICTA and possesses at least 1 year of experience in metal scaffolding works. (Under the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance).Inspected by a competent person before being taken into use for the first time.Inspected by a competent person at regular intervals n ot exceeding 14 geezerhood immediately preceding each use of the scaffold.In respect of scaffolding safety, the worker are subject to the requirements of the following regulations 38A, 38AA, 38B, 38C, 38D, 38E, 38F, 38H, 38I, 48, 49, 52,Bamboo scaffoldsBamboo scaffold is a temporary structure to work and access platforms. Common in the construction , renovation and repair work. Bamboo scaffold use natural material, cheap and can be recycled. While its flexibility suitable for use on any project, workers can quickly change or bamboo cut to the desired length and shape. Bamboo is lightweight, easy to transport, erect and modify and strip down is shorter time than other type scaffolding.Limitations for use of bamboo scaffoldsErection and dismantling the bamboo scaffolding must be in compliance with the Construction Sites (safety) Regulations and Codes of Practice of Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding gumshoe of the Labour Department.The bamboo higher than 15m, should be designed and appr oved by professional engineer.Should be provide sufficient support point to secure to the bamboo scaffold with the building or structure to prevent collapse.For avoid materials from material, tools and debris from falling should be erect catch-fans, nylon net and protection screen at the bamboo scaffold.Ensure the mental strain 5 is duly signed and valid.Suitable tail 900mm 1150mm top rail, 450mm -600mm mid rail and minimum 200mm high toe board.Risk of using bamboo scaffoldsToppling when over the carrying capacity for the bamboo platform.Material or tool from falling when no provide sufficient additional measure to prevent from falling.Toppling when no provide sufficient measure to secured the bamboo scaffold to prevent severe weather.Which should be avoided as far as possible for using bamboo scaffoldsIn windy or severe weather conditions to use bamboo scaffold for outdoor work.Working when the bamboo scaffolding is unfinished state.Use incorrect and unsafe method to dismantle ba mboo scaffolds.Avoid the demolition bamboo falling on the ground straightaway and immediately, workers should be one pass one or use vertical transport measure to the ground.Training for workerErection, alteration and dismantling of bamboo scaffold must be conducted by trained workmen under the immediate supervision of a competent person.Trained workmen must have formal training in, and possess at least 3 years of experience of, bamboo scaffolding work.Legislative requirements and guidance materialsCodes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding SafetyCodes of Practice for Metal Scaffolding SafetyPractical Guide to Working at Height Ensuring Safe Work PracticesSafe System of WorkSafety Guide for Bamboo Scaffolding WorkSafety at Work A Guide to Ladders and Elevated Working PlatformsBeware of Fall at WorkGuidance Notes on Classification and Use of Safety Belts and their Anchorage SystemConstruction Safety Working at HeightConstruction Sites (Safety) RegulationsStatutory General Duties Requirements under Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance Section 6. induction RecommendationFor the above measure for working at height, there should be avoid working at outdoor when under windy or severe weather environment conditions. In tools, should be provide workers with tool straps to prevent the tools from falling and provide the tools can be extended to avoid the worker to lean over out of the work platform outside riding on the guard-rails up to higher level for working overstretch the body to either sides of the ladder connect short ladders together to form long ones.Mark the carrying capacity indicates on the measure prominently displayed to ensure not overload. Clean up the ground near at working at height to reduce the workers from falling additional damage.Use the ladders for working at height should be provide more one worker to accompanied the work, who is responsible for tool storage to avoid the ladder user loss of balance.Considering work prepar ation and authorization requires at the start of any job. Ensuring safe work methods and necessary measures and including a safe means of access and escape.ReferencesCodes of Practice for Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding Safety (Labour Department)Codes of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety (Labour Department)Practical Guide to Working at Height Ensuring Safe Work Practices (Hong Kong Housing Authority)Safety Guide for Bamboo Scaffolding Work (Labour Department)Safety at Work A Guide to Ladders and Elevated Working Platforms (Labour Department)LC Paper No. CB(2)279/13-14(05) (Legislative Council Panel on Manpower)Code of Practice on the Design and Construction of mainstay Working Platforms (Electrical and Mechanical Services Department)Industry-based Committees Bulletins 41th Issue, Safe Use or Mobile Aluminum Towers (Occupational Safetys Health Council)

Global Migration: Analysis of Stephen Castles (2004)

Global Migration Analysis of Stephen Castles (2004)Do you agree with Stephen Castles (2004) that migration policies fail? If so, why? If not, why not?IntroductionMigration is one of the most important issues in outside(a) politics in 21st century. In 2013, in that location were most 232 million people-3.2 percent of migrants in the world and it has been increasing since 1990 with 154million to 175million until 2000.1 People cross b night clubs to have break dance opportunities, to escape poverty and have a smash life for their families. Other reasons might be civil wars, conflicts or geographical occupations ca wasting diseased by environmental degradation.2 However, historically, the sign of migration began to change since sixteenth century when the European countries started to expand. Moreover form nineteenth century until the First World War, there was a massive movement from European countries to North America.3 In addition, the number of migrants has been dramatically inc reasing after 1945. Meanwhile, in Britain, Western Europe, Australia and in North America the political concern about throwaway(prenominal) migrants and migration control issue have become parts of as high politics because migration problems were affecting relations in the midst of states in 1960s and 1970s.4 Especially, in mid-eighties and 1990s there were intensive efforts in controlling migration in many developed countries and they were trying to establish multilateral or supranational regulation system on migration.5 However, despite these efforts to control migration, due to the increasing number of refuge seekers especially in Western Europe and Australia have built a earthly concern perception that migration policies have tendencies to fail.6 Moreover, in the United States, the number of illegal migrants has been continuously increasing since 1960s and there be about 11millinion who ar illegally life in the US at present.7 Then it would be important to question how migration policies represent in the international politics today.Stephen Castles argues it is important to examine the elements that drive such(prenominal) migration goes. con severalize to Castles there ar about three primary(prenominal) reasons that drive migration indemnity chastisement factors arising from the complaisant dynamics of the migratory process, globalization, and North-South relationships and factors within political systems.8The purpose of this move is to evaluate Castles arguments on why migration policies fail. It go out first start with explaining Castles key arguments on why migration policies fail, and evaluating his eyeshot on policy failure. It leave wherefore criticise Castles argument by using Gary freemans argument on immigration politics in liberal democratic countries. Even though Freemans argument of migration polices in liberal democratic states is more than than applicable than Castles argument it will conclude by criticising both Cas tles and Freemans conceptual frameworks on migration policies.Factors Un admit Migration insurance One of the dominant approaches in forming migration policies until these days is neoclassical theory. It has had played important role in forming migration policies and it is indeed important role in migration studies.9 This theory is focuses on why individuals migrate from one country to another by using comparison of the relative costs and benefits of remaining home or moving.10 The key assumptions of neoclassical theory is that potential migrants have good getledge of wage level and job opportunities in destination countries and that economic factor be the most important reasons for potential migrants.11 It is also often defined as push-pull factors. Push-factors are economic, political hardships in most poor states and developing countries, and pull-factors include proportional benefits in developed countries such as political freedoms, better economic and employment opportuniti es.12 The theory sees migrants as market-players who have all information for their options and freedom to make rational choices.13 Such assumption of the theory however have been criticised that it does not provide proper evidence to explain or prove actual migration movements today and also predicting migration movement for the future.Stephen Castles argues that neoclassical approach to migration enables to achieve appropriate migration policies because it ignores historical experience of migration movements.14 tally to Castles, there are mainly three reasons that fail migration policies today. Castles argues that it is important to check historical experiences when setting immigration policies because it gives a better understanding to analyse the migration issues.15 Castles provides a good example how invitee workers policy failed in Germany in 1970s. At that time, policy makers recruited guest workers based on temporary residence principles that were formed when they were sett ing policies for guest workers. Even though employment opportunity declined, those unwanted guest workers never returned to their countries, moreover rather, brought in their families and eventually ended up staying for the long power point and became as minority in Germany.16Castles insight is that once migration processes start they will continue and expand as an ongoing social process. He argues that families and their networks play crucial role in affecting potential migration to make a decision to migrate to destination countries. He argues that all migrants are not just individuals who react to market but social beings who are trying to seek for better outcomes for their lives by actively and continuously building migration processes. Moreover, Castles argues that there are structural dependencies in both sending and receiving states. In many developing countries there are tendencies to support encourage people to move to other states in request to reduce unemployment and in receiving countries there are structural tendencies that they need low-skilled labours in send to fulfil jobs that many local not willing to do.17 Other factor that unmakes migration policy in Castles words is globalization and the surgical incision of North and South. Especially, Castles emphases that globalization and late(a) North-South relations play important role in understanding international migration flow today. The number of migrants in North has been increasing and it is mainly Castles says because of the huge flutter of difference between North and South. Migration policies will always fail if they properly address reasons and phases of economic and force migration movement of global contrariety.18 Moreover, Castles insight is that globalization has an internal structure that widens the spread between and North and South and cultural and technological mean of overcoming this gap. Moreover, because of national logic inherence especially in European Countries, tr ansnational networks would undermine migration control.19 The furthest factor that causes policy failure according to Castles is political system. Migration policy process and transnational networks should be related to an analysis how migration policies formed in states and supranational bodies including examining interests, how they are articulated and how political system functions because this is where most policy failure or as he terms unintended consequences of policy could be explained.20 In addition, Castles says that most migration policies have tendencies to form for short-term for electoral periods and that it should be changed into long-term as migration is a long-term process. In addition, a huge gap of wealth and and power in the emerging global order mean that not all citizens are equal and this might be the basis of a rude(a) system of global economic stratification.21 In Castles argues that migration is all about regulating North-south relationships and maintainin g inequality. He argues that migration control will be successful when the gap of inequality will be reduced in the future.22Given the Castles three main perspectives on migration failure above, it shows that he focuses on more structural change of social process and on inevitable circumstances caused by those social changes and globalization that produces gap and inequality of North-South. It could be said that Castles argument is broad and general, and as he defined it as a normative sense. His definition failure of migration policies seems to be more unintended failure that caused by those factors noted above. His view on inequality of North-South that driven by globalization seems to have quite an sceptical view on liberal ideology and on those receiving liberal states (North) which he believes is one of the main factors to make people to migrate to other countries today. In this sense, Castles argument on inequality of North-South does not give much answer to a question why mi gration policies fail. His argument is too vague, broad and general that it fails in terms of giving specific and persuasive business relationship on migration failure. What he argues about policy failure is rather inherent and natural phenomena caused by inequality than more realistic. It is true that the number of migrants from South moving to North is the fastest ontogenesis looking at migration trends today as Castles argued.23 Then it leads to an important question how immigration politics and policies might function in liberal democratic countries.Gap Hypothesis of Migration PolicyThe term gap hypothesis is when implementations of immigration control policies have opposite outcomes as they were made in the first place and such gap between stated policies and their results are growing wider.24 One of the most notable arguments of gap hypothesis is Gary Freeman arguments on how migration policies work in liberal democratic states. Freemans perspective is focused on more domes tic structure of migration countries.25 According to Freeman in liberal democratic countries the number of migrants has been continuously growing despite of open negative opinion on migrants. He says that it is because in most liberal democracies immigration policies are never reflected by general public they are ignored and information on migration is quite poorly articulated.26 It leads to an interesting question who, then distributes and influences in forming migration policy in those countries.27 According to Freeman there are three factors that affect policy making procedure in liberal democratic countries-individual voters, form group and state actors. He suggests that in order to have a better understanding on what forces migration polices it is important to understand how public officials interact with organized groups during elections because in democratic states as he says, organized groups have power to control politics of immigration.28 Organized opinion is more applic able because it reflects the distribution on costs and benefits of immigration and they have much more impact than general public because in politics vote-maximizers find it in their electoral interest to fulfil it.29 Freeman defines it as client-politics. In client politics, finicky or well organized groups have strong interests in operative with officials who have responsibilities in making migration policies. Most active and influential actors and beneficiaries are employers who are dependent on unskilled workforce, businesses and ethnic groups are a constituency with important resources that can advocate their interest.30 Others, who have to bear their costs, do not have such position to influence policy makers and general public who have to compete with jobs, housing, school and government services have difficulties to solve such problems, and face difficulties in influencing immigration policies.31 Such environment of policy making process in liberal democratic countries lea ds to a structure where migration clients can actually influence migration policy making process and where immigration policies are influenced by groups who actually benefit from them.Freemans argument on how client politics works in liberal democratic is certainly more applicable than Castles view, because it focuses on how migration policies actually function in liberal democratic states. Freeman argues that migration policy making process is influenced by migration politics which involves particular actors distribute in making. Such client politics model in liberal democratic countries shows why immigration policies tendencies of different outcomes.Even though Freemans model of client politics more acceptable, still there is a lack of providing clearer framework in order to explain on migration issues today. It is more bias of those classical migrant societies such as United States, Canada and Australia. This also leaves quite sceptical view whether Freemans conceptual framework will always work for other emerging migrant countries in the future. Freemans insight is that new emerging migration states will follow those liberal democratic states when forming migration policies because migration policy making process and structure of liberal democratic countries. However, Freeman does not pay much attention to initiation seeker and its policies in those liberal democratic states. According to James Hampshire, in order to explain asylum seekers and why states receive them is more a confused issue because there will be other actors and organizations who are going to be have-to doe with.32 It is then, hard to apply Freemans argument of migrant politics. According to United Nations High Commission for Refugees asylum trends report 2012, the United States, France, United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden were the jacket five receiving states, together accounting for more than 57% of all new asylum claims submitted in 44 industrialized countries.33 The overall numbers of asylum seekers were about 274,200 in 2012. It clearly shows that Freemans framework of does not provide clear explanation of asylum seekers and its policies in migration politics either.ConclusionStephen Castles argument on why migration policies fail gives a good explanation on how migration is process and how has been historically changing. He argues that migration should be perceived as a social process that has inherence of changing continuously once migration process starts. Castles argues how globalization and division of North-South affects contemporary migration process, and how the gap of inequality between North-South continuously widens. Migration policy failure might be unintended but because of political system within receiving countries. The problem with Castles argument is that it could be too broad and general to analyse migration policy failure in receiving countries.Freemans client politics seems to be more applicable in terms of explaining migration politics, policy failure in liberal democratic states and also in terms of how organized groups are influential and involved in policy making process in those countries. However, Freemans argument framework of immigration politics is also problematic because he fails explaining asylum seeker policies which are quite controversial issues these days. Moreover, as noted above, there is quite huge number of asylum seekers and liberal democratic countries are the top five receiving states in the world. Both Castles and Freemans argument provide some perusable explanation of migration policies, however, both of them fail in terms of providing clear explanation of complex issues of migration policies today. There are other scholars who have different perspective on how migration politics, however, due to the limits of this essay it was heavily focused on Castles and Freeman view on how migration politics work and why immigration policies fail.BibliographyCastles, S miller, M (2009) The Age of Mig ration International Population Movements in the Modern World, Palgrave MacmillanCastles, S (2004) The Factors That Make and untie Migration Policies, International Migration Review, Vol. 38, p.852-884Castles, S (2004) Why Migration Policies Fail, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.27,pp. 205-227Cornelius, W. A. (Ed.) (2004) Controlling in-migration A Global Perspective, Stanford University Press,Freeman, G (1995) Modes of Immigration Policies in Liberal elected States, International Migration Review, vol.29, pp.881-901Hampshire, J (2008) Disembedding Liberalism? from Givens, T., Leal, D. L. (Eds.), Immigration Policy and Security US, European, and Commonwealth Perspectives. RoutledgePew Research U.S. Unauthorized Immigration Population Trends, 1990-2012 (http//www.pewhispanic.org/2013/09/23/unauthorized-trends/All) (accessed on 23.03.14)Portes, A Borocz, J (1989) Contemporary Immigration Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation, International Migratio n Review, vol. 23,pp.606-630United Nations, Trends in International Migrant Stock (http//esa.un.org/unmigration/wallchart2013.htm) (accessed on 23.0314)UNCHR institution Trends 2012 Levels and Trends in industrialized Countries, (http//www.tagesschau.de/ausland/unhcr108.pdf) (accessed on 25.03.14)11 United Nations, Trends in International Migrant Stock (http//esa.un.org/unmigration/wallchart2013.htm) (accessed on 23.0314)2 S. Castles M. miller (2009) The Age of Migration International Population Movements in the Modern World, Palgrave Macmillan, p.23 S. Castles M. Miller (2009) p.34 S. Castles(2004) The Factors That Make and Unmake Migration Policies, International Migration Review, Vol. 38, p.856-8575 S. Castles(2004) p.8576 S. Castles(2004) p.8577 Pew Research U.S. Unauthorized Immigration Population Trends, 1990-2012 (http//www.pewhispanic.org/2013/09/23/unauthorized-trends/All) (accessed on 23.03.14)8 S. Castles(2004)Why Migration Policies Fail, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vo l.27, p.2089 S. Castles M. Miller (2009) pp.21-2210 S. Castles M. Miller (2009) pp.21-2211 S. Castles M. Miller (2009) pp.21-2212 A. Portes J.Borocz, (1989) Contemporary Immigration Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation, International Migration Review, vol. 23, p.60713 S. Castles M. Miller (2009) p.2314 S. Castles(2004) p.20815 S. Castles(2004)Why Migration Policies Fail, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.27, p.208-20916 S. Castles (2004) p.208, Cornelius, W. A. (Ed.) (2004) Controlling Immigration A Global Perspective, Stanford University Press, pp.225-23017 S. Castles (2004) The Factors That Make and Unmake Migration Policies, International Migration Review, vol. 38, pp.860-86118 S. Castles(2004) p.22319 S. Castles(2004) pp. 210-21220 S. Castles(2004) p.22321 S. Castles(2004) p.22322 S. Castles(2004) pp. 212-22323 S. Castles(2004) p.21024 Cornelius, W. A. (Ed.) (2004) pp.4-525 J. Hampshire (2008) Disembedding Liberalism? from Givens, T., Leal, D. L. (Eds.), Immigration Policy and Security US, European, and Commonwealth Perspectives. Routledge, pp.110-11126 G. Freeman(1995) Modes of Immigration Policies in Liberal Democratic States, International Migration Review, vol.29, pp.882-88327 G. Freeman(1995) p.88328 G. Freeman(1995) p.88529 G. Freeman(1995) p.88630 J. Hampshire (2008) p.11231 G. Freeman(1995) p.88532 J. Hampshire (2008) pp.112-11333 UNCHR Asylum Trends 2012 Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries (http//www.tagesschau.de/ausland/unhcr108.pdf) (accessed on 25.03.14)Roy Lichtenstein Art Style AnalysisRoy Lichtenstein Art Style AnalysisA work is created when it is prepared over a period of time, the portion of it that has been fixed at any particular time constitutes the work as of that time, and where the work has been prepared in different versions, each version constitutes a separate. (copyright.gov). A derivative work is a work based upon one or more preexisting works art reproduction in which a work may b e recast, transformed, or adapted or other modifications, which, as a whole, represent an original work of authorship, is a derivative work. (copyright.gov). feeling at the many pieces of Roy Lichtensteins art and researching the terms created and derivative, he is seen to be controversial because many people consider him to be a copy cat artist. At the time Lichtenstein was producing his prints in question there were copyright laws in effect but it seems that they were never put into action. The Boston Globe produced a story about Lichtenstein titled Roy Lichtenstein Creator or copy Cat? Deconstructing Roy Lichtenstein 2000 David Barsaolu MFA. That article is not the first of its kind the first article was produced January 31, 1964 by Life magazine titled, Is He the Worst Artist in America? After reading these articles and looking at the prints I noticed that they do have a very attached resemblance to what the United States copy right laws prohibit. I happen to think not but I am sure that as there are as many admires of his art and talent as there are probably just as many who disagree with my opinion. I find it quite intriguing that not one of the artists has sued Mr. Lichtenstein for monetary reimbursement or even document to settle out of court. Maybe at that time there was some sort of loop holes for creative art that kept copyright laws at bay. Whatever the reason Roy has become very well known and made a long living with his art.The 1940s were the beginning of Lichtensteins career as an artist with is first drawing class in 1941 at Ohio State University prior to that he graduate from Franklin, then studied anatomical drawing at the Art Students League and participated in a few exhibitions, then he was drafted in to the U.S. Army in 1943 and sketched some works of soldiers and landscapes. His father becomes ill and dies January of 1946 dies. Roy is discharged from the Army late January. Lichtenstein spends theses 10 years getting formal training and taking part in many exhibitions. June 12, 1949 Roy marries Isabel Wilson. The 1950 was quite a year for getting established and becoming a known artist for Roy, he held many jobs from 1951-1957 some of them lasting provided a few months, and his first son is born in 1954. Roy continues to be seen at exhibitions but at more popular venues with better known artists. In 1956 Roy creates his first photo pop work by lithograph Ten Dollar Bill and in March his second son is born. In 1957 Roy begins to use abstract expression style in his paintings familiar work is Donald Duck. Abstract paintings are shown for the first time in June 1959. January 1961 he exhibits abstract paintings made with a torn bed sheet by applying paint to them. Then later that summer Look Mickey is the first of a panel from a odd bare that is pained with Benday dots made from a dog brush dipped in paint, you can see he also uses his first blow up dialogue. Roy then creates his first consumer paintings for ad vertisers, tries new techniques tondo painting, diptych painting, and blue with white to duplicate reproductions. 1961 proved to be a great year in October Roy received a $400.00 a month stipend from the Leo Castelli Gallery and has a trial separation from his wife. In 1962 he begins to use turpentine soluble acrylic paint but did not stray away from crude paint for the simulated Benday dots. Early summer of 1962 Roys pen drawings are shown for the first time and his consumer goods and idiotic strip art is shown early fall on the west coast in a gallery. In 1963 Roy pained his first large scale work and it was accredited by Philip Johnson to create a mural, for the New York State Pavilion at the 1964 Worlds Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York. Roys first European exhibition was later that summer. Roy divorces his wife in 1965 and she take custody of the kids he then creates a series of ceramic heads with co artist Hui Ka Kwong, experiments with modern motif and that autumn stops working with ceramics. In 1966 Roy stops putting words on his canvas, in April Roy illustrates the cover of Newsweek magazine the entire edition is devoted to POP Art, and in the autumn 1967 he collaborates to create a series of engraves made of brass, tinted glass, marble and other materials. In 1968 he creates is first repeated use modular paintings and stretcher frame paintings, m magazine cover features Kennedy painting and a Rendering of a Gun at the end of the year he married Dorothy Herzka. In Osaka, Japan seascape films are shown in 1970 that Roy filmed and he sold painting 6 for $75,000.00 the highest paid for work of art at that time for any living artist. In 1971 Mirrors was shown publicly, his films of seascapes were shown, and in ducted in to the American Academy of Arts and Science in Boston.1973 trompe-loeil and Cubist Still Lifes are used with faux wood grain pattern for the first time, 1974 begins influenced work by Italian Futurism, and entablatures series usin g metallic colors mixing sand with paint to highlight surface texture. 1975 starts a series influenced by Purists Artists, 1976 paints Office Still Lifes, Completes Entablature Paintings, creates many self-portraits in Futurist style, and Warhol creates a silkscreen Lichtenstein. 1977 Roy starts a series based on Surrealists artists, Skowhegan Medal for Painting is awarded, and BMW commissions Roy to design outside of race car later driven in the year at Le Mans. In 1980 Roy is awarded honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts from Southampton College in New York and in 1980 paintings and sculpture and from 1970s and 80s are touring America, Europe and Japan and 1989 his painting Torpedo.Los sold for 5.5 million joining two other living artists whose work brings in as much. In 1990 Roy begins and Interior series painted with sponges that are shown in 1991, commissioned in 1992 for a 64 foot high sculpture for the Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. In 1993 Roy contributes a cover image for F redrick Tutens book, creates two giant pieces of art, Grrrrrrrrrr appears on the antecedent of ARTnews, and begins a series of nude female works. April 30, 1997 the last interview ever given by Roy, Singapore Brushstroke is the last constructed artwork installed, and September 29, Roy Lichtenstein dies.I chose three pieces of work from three different time periods in Roys life as a focus. Each piece is from a period that is important how he creates his work and how he develops his style. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1 is oil on canvas 26*32 in 1951, is a form of abstract expressionist and is painted very child like. George Washings is what catches your eye at the front of the boat. All the lines are simple and the people are drawn simple and the colors are dark. The BMW 320i that was designed for the Le Mans 24-hour race in 1977 was clearly a car that had already seen what was on the road ahead by looking at the sun shining and the stretches of road on it. You see his style of the comic strip on it with the long lines suggesting super speed and his famous Benday dots on the design. Last I chose the Barcelona Head 1992 as the last to show that no matter what the media he uses and what he does that since he has developed his style he continues with consistency. The sculpture was was done in the spirit of the Catalan architect Antonio Gaudi and placed on the rebuilt water front.What I have not touched on is that Roy is considered controversial because many of his works of art are out right copy cats and that he was never accused by the original artist but was later confronted by articles about his work. I dont have a opinion about this and not much to say on the matter but it was his early practice to copy Picassos work also. I perceive it of his style and I do know that what he has created on his own is very original and wonderful to admire and pleasing to the eye at least for meSources usedRoy Lichtenstein Creator or Copy Cat? Deconstructing Roy Lichtenste in. David Barsaolu MFA. 2000. January 28, 2010. http//www.flickr.com/photos/deconstructingroylichtenstein/395941200/.www.HYPERLINK http//www.copyright.gov/title17. January 28copyright.govHYPERLINK http//www.copyright.gov/title17. January 28/title17. January 28, 2010.http//www.image-duplicator.com/main.php?decade=80. January 29, 2010.Lawrence, Alloway, Roy Lichtenstein, Modern Master Series Vol I, Cross River Press LTD, 1983.

Relationship Between Plankton and Ocean Currents

Relationship Between Plankton and Ocean newsGabriel V whollyimPLANKTON AND OCEAN CURRENTSPlankton, from Greek it means ficklePlankton can be considered all organisms that come with naval currents. This does not necessarily mean that all dont start out movement. Many of them have the baron to move, but cant overcome the chains, and because of that they only has vertical movements and dont define its horizontal position in the ocean. Plankton can be plants or beasts and it has an important role in the fish food chain and other(a) sea life, and in like manner for human beings.The plankton organisms argon precise important because they are the alkali of oceanic food chain, and also because phytoplankton is the largest source of oxygen to the atmosphere, to the photosynthesis.These organisms have different sizes from 2 microns (protozoa) to a few meters (some species of jellyfish), and are distributed from the surface to deep water.Importance of the Plankton Plankton is very im portant for life on Earth. Phytoplankton produces much of oxygen that people and other animals need to survive. Plankton is also a big source of food. Zooplankton feed on the phytoplankton. angle and other large animal, feeds the zooplankton. As an example we have the whales, which keep the plankton through their filters, present in their mouths.Plankton doesnt have the ability to overcome the ocean current. This is why the plankton is a group of extremely vulnerable to marine pollution organisms, since they cant move to a location with better environmental conditions. Thus, some plankton organisms are important indicators of environmental quality of the marine regions.Types of Plankton1) Phytoplankton is Plankton formed from plants. These organisms are often not the size of a cell. A diatom, for example, which is a type of unicellular algae, is a common form of phytoplankton. The plants belonging to the plankton occupy the upper layers of the ocean because of light presence and t hen perform photosynthesis to produce energy and release oxygen gas. diverse from most land plants, phytoplankton does not need conciliates, stems or leaves, because they can absorb water and nutrients directly from their environment.2) Zooplankton is Plankton formed from animal organisms. Some of these organisms are very small, as crustaceans miniature and protozoa. Others, such as jellyfish, are larger. Some fish and shellfish, early in his life, are eggs or small larvae. These eggs and larvae are also zooplankton. In the phytoplankton and zooplankton, bacteria and fungi float on the waters of the planet. These bodies can also be considered plankton.Ocean veritablesThe ocean currents are water f low-pitcheds that occur in the oceans and regulate the mood. Some streams are perennial, or is always flowing in a given direction at a given point. Ocean currents have their origin in the movement of winds at the surface and by the movement of Earths rotation. It starts in the tropics and at high latitudes and circulates oceans and seas carrying large bodies of water and debris, affecting marine life.They are divided into cold and cranky currents, and have particular characteristics, such as temperature, salinity, color, immersion and marine life. The warm currents originate in the Intertropical Zone, leave the tropics toward the Polar Regions, while the cold currents, originate in the Polar Regions, and move in the opposite direction, towards the equatorial Zones. An example is the Humboldt Current, which reaches the strand of Chile, creating a marked aridity in the region, and interferes with the fishing activity.They carry with them moisture and heat also interfering in marine life and, consequently, having a direct influence on the relaxation of the oceans and seas. It is considered the most important and enigmatic phenomena of the oceans due to its influence on climate regions and also for holding an important transportation work and spread of plant and animal species.The formation of ocean currents is because of the union of some factors of nature, such as difference density of water, by the difference in temperature and salinity. The currents tend to move the higher density areas to low density areas action of the winds and movement of the Earths rotation (mainly influences towards some currents).Ocean currents can influence the climate, for example, contribute to the formation of deserts, such as the Humboldt Current with the Atacama cease and the Benguela current with the desert of Namibia and Kalahari . From a biological point of view, the currents contribute to the spread of animal and plant species by the various areas through which they pass. The Humboldt Current, for example, contributes to the coast of Peru and Chile be one of the richest areas in the world of fish, due to the large amount of marine plankton that it transports.Major Ocean CurrentsAtlantic Ocean Coast of North the States The Labrador Current (cold), the Gulf Stream (hot) Coast of Central America current West Indies or South equatorial current (hot) Coast of South America Falkland or Malvinas Current (cold), Brazil Current (warm).Pacific Ocean Coast of North America Current California (cold) Coast of Central America North Equatorial Current (hot) Coast of South America Current Humboldt or Peru Current (cold).The worlds major ocean currents are the Gulf Stream, which moves in the south to north on the east coast of the USA and then in Europe, the current of Brazil, which moves in the north-south direction along the Brazilian coast, the current Humbolt, which moves by the Pacific Ocean and is associate to the events effect El Nio, and the chain of Bengal, which moves in the west to east toward the Indian Ocean.Ocean currents can be classified according to the temperature of where form in warm currents are formed in the equatorial zones (current of Guinas, the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil and the South Equatorial) cold currents that for m in the polar regions (current Labrador, Humbolt, the Falklands, Bengal and the Antarctic Circumpolar).Ocean Current influences on climateNorth America The Labrador Current (cold) influences the temperature of the northeast coast of North America, making the climate of that region presents very low temperatures, causing the freeze of waters in the port of New York.The Gulf Stream (hot) originates in the West Indies lard much of the east coast of North America, warming the climate in the Gulf of Mexico. By having hot water favors the evaporation contributing to increased rainfall in the Gulf region.South America South America also receives influence of ocean currents as the Humboldt Current (cold), also known as the Peru Current. This ocean current rises near Antarctica therefore carries the cold temperatures of the area where it originates. The low temperature of the Humboldt Current prevents evaporation, leaving the relative humidity of air low, causing the formation of a mass of dry air, contributing to formation of the dry climate of Chiles Atacama abjure to Peru.Ocean Currents and Economy Ocean currents also influence the economy of many countries.Peru is one of the worlds fish producers because of the influence of the Humboldt Current , because when reaching the Peru Coast found warm waters and brings out the nutrients carried by the current, attracting many shoals and directly helping the fishing industry of that country.Humboldt Current has a negative influence on the north coast of Chile and Peru, and is responsible for the formation of the Atacama Desert and transforms large areas in wastelands by water stress present in the area caused by the action of this ocean current.The areas bathed by sea warm currents, such as the Brazilian coast and the Gulf of Mexico, have high rainfall which favors the development of various agricultural crops and other economic activities.Relation between Plankton and Ocean CurrentsThe meaning of Plankton in Greek refer s exactly to what it is a wandering, or specie that dont have root and move to a place to another one. The Ocean Currents influences this movement transforming regions on rich environment and others on poor environment, as it takes nutrients to one place to another.By this movement it is possible to determine if the water portion is rich in nutrients or not, depending on the plankton find on it.Human activities and preservationAs always, manhood are requested to rethink their activities and what they are doing to preserve the environment. Sometimes a region is poor in plankton simply because the water doesnt have quality.In the past, human thinks that nature will last forever, but nowadays they realize that nature is giving its answers we can see this by nature catastrophes seeing all long the world.We need to preserve the nature for the future generation, and as a Blue Planet, water is our main resource that needed to be conserved.

Constructivism Essay -- Philosophy, Piaget, Vygotsky

What is Constructivism?Constructivism has been a popular termination used in education since the mid-nineties but can be traced back to a much earlier time than that (Maddux & Cummings, 1999, p.8). Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are the two theorists who are closely linked to the development of constructivism. Over the past decade, education has seen an alarming increase in the number of students who are qualifying for special education services as well as students who are being labeled as at risk students. Having such an increase in special education the demand to find a principle style that works best for students with disabilities has become extremely popular. An increase in popular terms and trendy forms of teaching instruction has developed in education. A popular buzz word that has invaded the educational world is Constructivism even though constructivism is not a new term it does lack a concrete definition. The term constructivism has been used to explain everything fr om school reform to teaching styles, and most importantly related to a learning theory. As you can imagine the term Constructivism has the strength to develop many misconceptions since it lacks a universal definition. Constructivism is an important theory of learning that is used to guide the development of new teaching methods(Baviskar, Hartle & Whitney, 2009, p.541). The framework of constructivism is built upon the pinch that learning is an active process that is student centered in the sense that, with the teachers help, learners select and transform information, construct hypothesis, and make decisions(Chrenka, 2001, p.694). It is important to understand that when disquisition about constructivism we are referring to a learning theory not teach... ...dent-centered classroom, which allows students to act upon their prior knowledge and learn through hands on experience. If you have ever been involved with or around students with disabilities you may be extremely hesitant to adopt a constructivist view on education. Students with disabilities require a much more structured learning environment in order to be successful. Many education professionals feel that the appropriate learning experience and learning environment for students with disabilities would be one of a more teacher-directed or explicit teaching style. It would not be fair to assume that a constructivist approach to special education would be a complete failure. However, combining multiple constructivist strategies with some explicit teaching strategies you could quite possibly be able to achieve success when teaching students with disabilities.

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener Essay -- Bartleby S

The Softhearted Humanity of Bartleby the Scrivener What is to be said or done most the many Bartlebys of the innovation? They come in many shapes and sizes, and atomic number 18 misunderstood and boggled about for different reasons, but they all trigger a sense of softhearted humanity in all they touch. Herman Melvilles Bartleby lets the reader make what they please concerning the baffling scrivener who, quite simply stated throughout the story, would prefer not to do just about anything. Yet his employer just can not seem to get angry, for Bartleby does not refuse to work, he simply, and seemingly sadly, states that he would rather not perform his instructed duties. He does not say it in vain, but rather in sadness. There is something about Bartleby that calms the reader, yet makes them slightly angry over Bartlebys persistent stubbornness. The narrator mat calm but somewhat perplexed by Bartlebys impassive declines. Although the narrator, an lawyer, employed quit e a strange few of scriveners to work under him, Bartleby was by farthermost the most complex, for each time his employer requested he examine a copied paper, Bartleby would reservedly reply, I would prefer not to, and proceed with his copying. I looked at him steadfastly. His feel was leanly composed his gray eyes dimly calm. Not a wrinkle of agitation rippled him. Had there been the least uneasiness, anger, impatience or impertinence in his manner...had there been anything ordinarily human about him, doubtless I should have violently dismissed him from the premises. This quote suggests the special influence Bartleby possesses the mark he makes on a mere man of the same species, and on of a sound mind. And the lawyer even states, ... ... I would prefer not to, but I am not particular was his ambiguous reply. The narrator did beyond what most good-hearted people would have done for Bartleby, and finally, he sadly concluded, I think he is a little deranged. Humanity no doubt affe cted both Bartleby and the narrator. In those dead letters Bartleby handled, he must have seen humanity and barbarity alike. Those dead letters left Bartleby dead inside and let nothing matter to him thereafter. He may as well preferred not to live, and the attorney who desperately tried to make Bartleby see sanity again was too late and of no use. Something so simple and innocent turned out so sad and unclear. I know exactly why the last line of Bartleby was printed to say Ah, Bartleby Ah, humanity Melville wanted to leave me wondering how many Bartlebys there are and what their stories are.