Alexander Graham Bell biography

black lovage Graham bell, was the inventor of the scream. bell shape was innate(p) in Edinburgh on 3 March 1847. He was the son of Melv fed up(p)e, a speech and elocution he ber who true the first International Phonetic Alphabet and Eliza, who was deaf from the age of five. Bell was the except child to survive into adulthood, with his younger and elder brothers, Ted and Melly, dying of tuberculosis. These biographical facts foretell the strong values, personality and determination of the gentleman destined to radically change the preferred mode of long distance communications to role, and thusly transform virtually all aspects of modern life.Bell developed a love life for communication from a young age. He was to become an extraordinary man with a visionary understanding of its power and say-so. Educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London, Bell immigrated to the US in 1870. In his twenties, he set round growth a multiple telegraph that could send s everal Mors e enrol messages. In 1872, Bell started attending MITs public lectures on data-based mechanics, including one in October by prof Charles R. Cross that began a long, small-fruited collaboration.At the talk, Cross demonstrated a device invented by his colleague Edward C. Pickering, who indeed chaired MITs physics department. At the time of Crosss lecture, MIT (which had been integrate in 1861 on the capital of Massachusetts stead of the Charles River) had recently equal to(p)ed the Rogers research lab of Physics in a new building on Boylston Street. The celerity was the first of its kind in the United States, a well-outfitted working science lab that allowed students to conduct experiments illustrating the physical laws they learned about in class.Of particular touch on to Bell, the new laboratory had an impressive set of equipment identical to that use in the avenue breakage work of Hermann von Helmholtz, one of the worlds tip acoustical researchers. In 1873, Bell accept ed a position as a professor of vocal physiology and elocution at the fledgling Boston University (which had been under register in 1869). The post drew him into even closer contact with Bostons scientific community, affording him the chance to get better acquainted with Professor Cross, who would eventually succeed Pickering as chair of MITs physics department.In April 1874, after(prenominal) Bell addressed MIT students and faculty about his acoustical studies and his eff orts to t to each one the deaf to speak, Crossapparently impressedgranted him unfettered coming to the adds facilities for his further research. Bell seized the opportunity. Of course, Bell won his palpable start as the sole inventor of the telephone, and public association about the contri muchoverions of others mostly faded into oblivion.The many surviving primary documents from the period, however, leave poor doubt of the important supporting role that Cross and the Rogers Laboratory contend in helpi ng Bell gain vital, detailed, and often hands-on knowledge about the cutting-edge work of others in the field, including Pickering, Helmholtz, Reis, and Elisha Gray, the inventor whose path breaking design for a liquid transmitter Bell curbms to convey appropriated to pull his world-famous call to Watson. Many daylights later, with Bells legal claim to the telephone long since secured, he publicly acknowledged Crosss contri more(prenominal)overion.Bell told the crowd of 1,500 assembled at Symphony Hall for MITs 50th-anniversary galaand more(prenominal) than 5,000 alumni and guests who were listening in by phone at Alumni Association gatherings crosswise the countrythat Cross had not alone made many advances in the telephone itself but revived many students to go forth from the Institute to perfect the work. On 7 March 1876, Bell patented the telephone (Patent 174,465) at the tender age of 29. On March 10, 1876, Bell purportedly knocked over the battery acid he and Watso n were using as transmittance liquid for early telephone tests, and shouted, Mr.Watson, come here I indigence you. Watson, working in the next room, heard Bells voice through the wire. Bell introduced the telephone to the world at the Centennial order of battle in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1877, Bell formed the Bell hollo Company. He later sued Western Union over patent infraction of his telephone copyright, and won. In the 1880s, Bell used his considerable fortune to puddle research laboratories to work with deaf people. Helen Keller was among his many students.Bell, though, was able to translate his extraordinary values into his private life. He lobbied the cause of deaf people and to piece day nurtures for them throughout the US. When he set out on this challenge, only 40 per cent of deaf children were taught to speak. At the time of his death in 1922 the figure was 80 per cent testimony enough in itself to his leaders qualities. Like all exceptional leaders, Bell made himself accessible to all. He boostd one family the Kellers to educate their little girl Helen, who was deaf.She later tended to(p) the Boston Museum of fine arts and became a laid-backly successful technical artist. Employers today can learn much from Bells great achievements nurture ideas, encourage insane asylum and pursue developments, however radical they might seem at the time. Likewise, there remains a need today for companies to accept and bring up their links and social responsibilities within the communities in which they operate and beyond. Bell turn out that leaders and business can create the circumstances to improve our smell of life.In researching this article, I have grown to respect the great depth and leading qualities of Alexander Graham Bell, a hugely successful entrepreneur and a great humanitarian. While telephones, fax, mobiles, text messaging, and the like may sometimes drudge you mad, they have undoubtedly revolutionised the world for the better , and it can all be traced clog up to the leadership and vision of one man. Bell is the greatest creator ever of shareholder value and an inspirational figure for the to the cause of the children of a slighter God it must earn him the title of dandyest Briton in Management and leading.Other Bell inventions include an electric probe, a device used to locate bullets and other metal objects in the human body, and the vacuum jacket, which when put around the chest, administered artificial respiration. Hes also credited with inventions associate to the iron lung and triangular aircraft wings. In 1898, Bell became the president of National geographical because he believed that geography could be taught through pictures. Bells enthrallment with aeronautics led to his hydrodrome boat, a vessel that traveled above the wet at high speeds.The hydrodrome reached speeds in excess of 70 mph, and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. Bell died August 2, 1922, in Nova Scotia, Canada still unlike so many great pioneers and inventors, Bell followed through, visualizing the future and realizing the potential of his remarkable invention. Shortly after the invention of the telephone, Bell had told his father The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses, skilful like water or gas and friends will converse with each other without leaving home. How right he was.Remember this prediction was at a time when the telephone was in its infancy and its full potential was distant from recognized. Bells invention changed for good the way people live their lives. Telephones and telephone lines have enabled us to network global companies via reckoners, make transactions electronically, or only if talk to our loved ones to let them know all is well, wherever in the world we might be at the time. The telephone is not only capable of transmitting voice, but also of transmitting emotion and, therefore, allows us to communicate not only what we are think ing but how we feel.In a stroke of genius, Bell shrank the world and transformed the lives of the citizens of his country of birth and education, Great Britain, and, indeed, the lives of people around the world. Like many great people, Bell appeared to earn from luck and skill in equal measure, and it was while he was act to develop multiple morse code that he stumbled on the belief that speech could be reproduced through sound waves in a continual undulating current. This truly brilliant discovery is the principle behind the telephone.Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah John Jandali (Arabic ), who were both unmarried at the time. 32 Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the fuck up up for adoption because his girlfriends family objected to their relationship. 33 The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (19221993) and Clara Jobs (19241986), an Armenian-American3 whose maiden key was Hagopian. 34 Later, when asked about his adoptive parents, Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs were my parents. 35 He stated in his authorized biography that they were my parents 1,000%. 36 Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962. 36 The Jobs family locomote from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old. 12 The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti.Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son primal electronics and how to work with his hands. 1 The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became elicit in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering. 37 Clara was an accounta nt35 who taught him to read in front he went to school. 1 Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first advanced firms in what became known as Silicon Valley. 38 Jobs was an intelligent and innovative thinker, but his youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher infallible to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high schoola proposal his parents declined. 39 Jobs therefore attended Cupertino Junior broad(prenominal) and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. 2 At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the same interests in electronics.Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer brain kid, Stephen Wozniak (also known as Woz). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named The Cream Soda Compu ter, which they showed to Jobs he seemed really interested. 40 Jobs frequented outside lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee. 41 Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford.They were spending much of their life savings on their sons higher education. 40 Jobs dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes. 42 He poke outd auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends dorm room rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple. 43 Jobs later said, If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fontsSteve Jobs introduced in 1988, was an even more e xpensive marvel of hardware and software design it at-tracted even fewer customers. Today, Windows running on Intel-compatible chips remains the most common software program for per-sonal computers (though cellphones far outsell PCs and have become the dominant mode of computing). alone Mi-crosoft has introduced only incremen-tal innovations, following the path set by the Macintosh more than 25 years ago. And Android-based smartphones and tablets, which rely on Google s free and clear-cut operating system, follow the lead of the iPhone and the iPad.My point is that Microsoft, Intel, and Google have taken the unwashed route to platform leadership, with inexpen-sive or free products, relatively open viewpoints interfaces, and protracted efforts to cul-tivate a broad ecosystem of partners. But Jobs and orchard apple tree have shown us an-other path to platform leadership, and not just for a niche product component Design breakthrough products that set new standards for form, funct ion, and aesthetics market them creatively and aggressively, with some modest reduc-tions in price over time open them up gradually as industrywide platforms, and let the chips fall where they may.Jobs wanted orchard apple tree to create computers that would be as elegant and simple to use as a type-writer or even a toaster. Now, looking back, we can see that every product Jobs championed, whether or not it succeed-ed commercially, set new standards for aesthetics as well as utility, such as in ease-of-use or handling graphics and multimedia. What stands out most to me are the ultra-simple, intuitive exploiter interfaces of the Macintosh (GUI plus mouse, albeit invented earlier at the Stanford Research Institute and absquatulate PARC) and then the iPod s clickwheel and the iPhone and iPad touchscreens.Today s PCs, digital media players, smartphones, and tablets based on Windows or even Android are as good as they are only because of how much Steve Jobs and Apple raised the quan tity for everyone. Charisma and Leadership In the 1996 PBS documentary, Tri-umph of the Nerds, Larry Tesler, who used to work at Apple, discussed how Steve Jobs was able to inspire people to surpass what even they believed they could accomplish. He would never settle for anything less than someone s absolutely best effort, and then some.That is how Jobs raised the bar for the Macintosh project whose competi-tion was the character-based IBM PC and compatibles and many products since then, most recently the iPad. As Steve Jobs moved forward in his career, he also brought related but formerly distinct technologies and businesses together. In fact, he felt compelled to shed the historic Apple Computer name in 2007 in favor of Apple, Inc. to speculate the broader set of aspirations that he and the company had adopted.It is instructive again to compare Jobs and Apple with Gates and Microsoft. Gates main entrepreneurial legacy has been to create a mass-mar-ket software products company th at impacts to print money and ex-ploit those remarkable gross margins of packaged software , Jobs solved an extremely vexing problem for the industry and for consumers how to price digital content in the form of music, video clips, movies, and TV pro-grams. This innovation in digital servic-es is no less profound than Steve Jobs innovations in consumer products. he master Strategist Early observers of Jobs and Apple, in-cluding myself, underestimated his ability to master the business side of technology. Clearly, over time, Jobs got better at this much better perhaps as the world caught up to what he was trying to do. Two incidents stand out. First, when he rejoined Apple in 1996, the firm was practically bankrupt, with only a few months of cash left. But Jobs got a $150 million investment from archrival Microsoft as well as a loyalty from Bill Gates that Microsoft would continue to produce Office for the Mac.This agreement was critical to maintain the Macintosh business, then th e only real source of revenue for Apple. Second, in 2005, Jobs abandoned his 20-year commitment to the Motorola micro-processor and adopted archrival Intel s technology. This move helped bridge the growing cost-performance gap with Windows PCs, and enabled the Macin-tosh to continue as a second platform that was also much more interoperable with the Windows world.