The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

When you first open the book of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn you'll notice a notice and an explanatory written by the one and only Mark Twain himself. The explanatory explains how Mark Twain uses language and dialect to differentiate between certain characters. "I make this explanation for the reason that without it many readers would suppose that all these characters were trying to talk alike and not succeeding." The notice basically says that for anyone who attempts to find a meaning, moral, plot, and or motive, will be shot. So shoot Mr. Brovsky, his first hour class, and myself. It's surprising to see that this book went by so quickly for me. The more I enjoy a book, the faster it goes by for me. Now back to finding a plot. What I liked especially about this book was it's linear time line. There wasn't that much jumping around in time. Everything came after everything else. The book is divided into three basic sections: Life before the river, life on the river, and life after the river. The river has it's crooks and bends and the plot following them. The river as a symbol in the book is great. Life's ups and life's down are well represented in the river. The point of view of this book was also one of the very best aspects of this book. Huck Finn was written in the first person point of view with Huckleberry Finn telling the story. Even in the beginning, Huckleberry reminds the reader of what happens at the end of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. "You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain't no matter." (page 3) Huckleberry exclaims himself. Mark Twain writes with such flavor and detail that you feel like you're right there with Huck. While Huckleberry is in the cabin at night and his dad is having a nightmare, Mark Twain paints a wonderful picture of how Huck if feeling. "He chased me round and round the place with a clasp-knife, calling me the Angel of Death, and saying he would kill me,…I begged, and told him I was only Huck; but he laughed such a screechy laugh, and roared and cussed, and kept on chasing me up." (page 29) Mark Twain has been labeled by critics as a funny man and not a great writer, yet I believe that he is a great writer because he can incorporate his humor into a 13 year old boy's way of life.

New Product Technology

Part A 1. 0 Company Background Softlan is a product under Colgate-Palmolive Company. The small soap and candle business that William Colgate began in New York City early in the 19th century is now, more than 200 years later. It is a truly global company serving hundreds of millions of consumers worldwide. Colgate is a global brands sold in over 200 countries; Colgate, Mennen, Palmolive, Ajax, Softsoap, and Hill’s Pet Nutrition are among the world’s most recognizable household names, trusted and relied upon by consumers everywhere (Colgate Word of Care, 2008). Based on the research, the company’s business strategy focuses on five core businesses: oral care, personal care, household surface care, fabric care, and pet nutrition. In the household and fabric care, Colgate-Palmolive has offered the entire household cleanser product such as Toothpaste, Softlan, and body shampoo and so on. [pic] [pic] 2. 0 Product Attribute Softlan is good quality household products that provide to the family. Softlan is to help make their families clothes feel and smell their best. According to Judy Strauss book, with quality most customers know â€Å"you get what you pay for†. That is higher and consistent quality generally means higher prices, thus maintaining the value proposition (Judy Strauss, Adel, Raymond, 2005). Softlan is adapting a premium price position to comparing with other brand Softener such as Good maid, Downy, Petals and so on but the customer still will purchase it because of the Softlan quality. The offer benefits of Colgate-Palmolive Softlan are as below: ? Static free ? More comfortable to wear Makes ironing easier ? Gives your family’s clothes an irresistible softness ? Leaves a pleasant fragrance on clothes ? Long lasting fragrance for up to 16 days (Colgate World of Care, 2008) These all the benefit of Colgate-Palmolive Softlan is offer based from customer need and wants which is be able to satisfy the users. [pic][pic] [pic] [pic] 3. 0 Branding Branding is very important to the Colgate-Palmolive Softlan to gain the compet itive advantage from the competitors. A brand is a promise to customers. Delivering on this promise builds trust, lower risk, and help customers by reducing the stress of making product switching decisions. Example like when the customer want to purchase Softlan in the hypermarket but there are many brands so the customer will choosing the brand that they will trust. The selling price of the Softlan Ultra is higher than another Softlan price but the customer still will choosing Softlan Ultra product which is because under the brand name of Colgate-Palmolive and it is also an old brand in the fabric softener product, therefore customer will more trust to the quality of the Softlan Ultra. Based on the research, Colgate-Palmolive Softlan is successful to build the brand name in the customer mind in Malaysia and Hong Kong but there are a lot of new brand was market in the product so Colgate-Palmolive still need to improve and maintain the sales of Softlan in the market with another way. Based on the research information has show that in fabric softeners product, where Colgate is No. 1 in Hong Kong and Malaysia, new sizes and fragrances are adding incremental Market share (Colgate Strategy, 2006). 4. 0 Competitor Analysis Softlan being one of the top fabric softener in Malaysia would need to compete with another competitor in Malaysia market. There are few competitor brands in the market which are Downy, Petals, good maid and so on. All of this fabric softener will offer the similar benefit of softener to customer. Softlan would be competing with this entire brand by using different media, offer differentiation product and produce what the consumer wants in the market. Softlan Company is very smart; it is entered into the hot weather country market which no other softener has entered. Having the Softlan is being able to help the user solve their clothing smelly problem. The Softlan is 4x concentrated with a rich formula that deeply penetrates fabrics and with long lasting fragrance for up to 16 days. |Category |Brands |Chief Competitors | |Fabric Softener |Suavitel, Soupline |Procter & Gamble | [pic][pic][pic] 5. 0 Target Market Softlan target market is large. It is targeting to have family people, single working people and student. Nowadays, every people were busy to work especially in Town so every people also want fast and smell best. Especially working people and student, Softlan can help them to ironing their formal with easies and fast. Furthermore, it also can help them to leaves a pleasant fragrance on clothes. Besides, some big families will not enough space to dry their clothes so all the clothes will hang it together and Softlan will help them to leaves a pleasant fragrance on the clothes. . 0 Positioning Positioning is an important tool those use to reach the user effectively. Softlan has positioning their product with the word â€Å"Soft as a mother’s love† in the website through their target customers (Colgate Word of Care, 2008). Which mean that Softlan communicate with the customer after using the Softlan fabric softener to wash the clothes, when wearing will feel soft and comfortable like our mother love. Sof tlan fabric softener is using benefits positioning to support a distinct perception in the consumer mind. In additional, Colgate-Palmolive is providing different type and flavor of fabric softener to the customers. It is to satisfy different customer with different taste such as Softlan ultra is using four times (4x) more softening and long lasting fragrance in 16 days; Softlan relaxing is the softener that the smell can release the stress of the consumer and so on. Softlan has positioning it product in the customer mind by using special flavor which is Relaxing variant with Lavender & Ylang- Ylang essentials oils or the Energizing variant with Bergatnot and Jasmine essentials oil. After using the Softlan, it will help the customer feel relax and wear the clothes more comfortable. Softlan has using marketing strategy of advertise in website, in television in 2007, magazines and so on. Those are few marketing strategy that has been using by Softlan to strengthen their positioning in Malaysia in the hypermarket. In the long run, Softlan has succeeded to build Softlan branding by using the strategies above. The positioning strategies will help Softlan to gain the largest market share in the market. 7. 0 Pricing Strategy Softlan position itself as a premium price of product as mention above. Although it’s pricing is always higher than another brand such as downy. The product is almost same with Softlan but in pricing downy is always cheaper than Softlan. Besides, downy sometime also will sell in offer price within add 20 liter. According to the market research, Softlan price is selling in higher price than another brand it is because it doesn’t want to play price war in the market with the competitor it will lose control in product pricing. Softlan is selling like normal price to their customer nevertheless the customer still will purchase it; it is because the customer trusts to the Softlan quality and brand name. 8. 0 Consumer Behavior Colgate-Palmolive Company was considered about the consumer situation and start to understanding the consumer behavior. Based from the vision of Colgate-Palmolive Company is want to become the best among the consumer product by understanding the consumers and consumer expectation better and by continually innovating and improving their products, services and processes (Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2006). Therefore, Colgate-Palmolive company has successfully created several flavor of Softlan to attract more customer and student when start to market it. Until today, Softlan still strong on its position by providing different flavor, easy to use and bring a lot of benefit to the users. This reason will bring Softlan continually having a big market in fabric softener market. In the other hand, Colgate-Palmolive company also has consider that nowadays people are facing stress problem with the work or family therefore there was come out the new Softlan that the smell can be relax to the people and feel comfortable. Besides that, using Softlan also can help the users ironing their clothes with easy and fast so can save time of the consumers. Softlan also know that nowadays the consumer was also because of the outlook, design of the bottle to buy it. Softlan understand that especially most of the younger people look for the bottle design. Besides, nowadays the consumer also likes to purchase small bottle Softlan it is because it is more portable and easy to keep. Thus, Softlan was produce the design of small bottle in the market to satisfied the consumers. Besides, the company also has using a slogan to promote the Softlan which is â€Å"Soft as a mother love†, it is easy and effectiveness way to remember by all the Malaysia customers. 9. 0 Communication tools Softlan always having advertising and promoting in hypermarket or media. This is a useful strategy that applied by Softlan. Based on research, it has shown that 44% of supermarket shopper notice messages delivered and 34% are influenced by in sore media in making brand purchase decisions (Super Guru Home, 2005). That is why that Softlan always has promoting their brand by using different in-store media to the customer. Besides, Cleaning Agent-Laundry ranked the third fastest growing category in the first half of 2006 due to an increase in ad spend by Softlan on Television or another media (Appendix 2). It is the effective way to help the Softlan brand name know-well in all hypermarket of Malaysia. Part B 10. 0 Method of Advertising A creative message strategy is one of the important factors that could determine the success of the advertisement. Besides that, the company use advertising to create awareness to the customers which is to attract more people knows about the brand name. Presently, Softlan is adapting behavioral path to make consumers tell other people about the information of product by increase consumer purchase and continually purchasing which is almost similar like â€Å"Word of Mouth† strategies it is can expand the information to everywhere. Softlan also has using cognition path which is to send the message to users how the product can solve the consumer problem. Based on the market research, Softlan has using few different strategies: ? A premium price ? Arrange the Softlan product in the middle space of the rack ? Innovation packaging ? Product innovative Based on the proposed concept, there are needs to using three media advertisement in the hypermarket to engage the consumers interesting, help Softlan to build brand and to increase the sales of the product. There three advertising are floorstoppers in hypermarket entrance Aisle, Event at middle and trolley sticker. From this three advertising and promotion campaign will help Softlan to increase their market share and brand name among the competitor in the market. 11. 0 Floor stoppers in hypermarket Aisle [pic] [pic] Exhibit 2. 0 Direction Floor stopper Floor stoppers in oversea is very famous advertising strategies in the hypermarket or everywhere of the street. Softlan is using floor stoppers to create awareness of the consumer in the hypermarket Aisle. The error floor stoppers is placed entrance on the floor of the product aisle. When a consumer walk pass by the aisle, all the product will arrange on the shelf in one row which will very hard to attract people to saw the product and purchase it. The product would not be to attract the customer to walk close to the product and look at it. If the window shopping customer will not walk through the product aisle it because they just want to walk only but if they saw Softlan floor stoppers on the floor, it will attract them to walk close to saw the product and maybe will attract them to purchase it. At first, the direction error with some Softlan message of floor stopper will put on the entrance floor of the aisle which is to attract the customer feel curious and walk through the aisle with follow the error direction. After that, the customer will saw the product floor stopper which is directly in front of the product it would be attract the consumer to find the product easily or attract more the new customer to know the Softlan product. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Exhibit 3. 0 product floor stopper Furthermore, creative messages will be used to catch consumer attention and look at the product. In the floor stopper, the promotion message and picture is being used it which is tell the customer that saving the money if purchase the latest Softlan product which is ultra Softlan and also will using product picture in the 3D floors stopper to be more appeal to attract attention of customer. In using floors stopper would be an effective advertising in the market. It is because normally when the customer decides to buy they just will walk near the product if no they will just walk through the aisle only and cannot saw the product with easily. Therefore the benefit of floors stopper is when consumer walks near to the Softlan floors stopper they will consider to purchase the product that receiving by the 3D product picture and message on the aisle floor. It is because normally on the shelf will market a lot of similar product but different brand and it will make the customer confuse and hard to find the product. Based on the book, floor advertisement at around the product shelf can help Softlan to increase products sales by much as 25% and attract more new customer to try the product (Rosenbloom, 2004). Floors stoppers advertisement can effective to build branding in customer mind. On the other hand, floor stopper in hypermarket aisle also can be as an extended shelf space of the product and dominance of the aisle for the advertisement of Softlan product. The pictures of Softlan floors stopper refer to exhibit 3. 0. 12. 0 Event at middle of hypermarket By using Softlan event is an effective media nowadays trends. The product event can be like purchase the product up to ten ringgit will get chance to win the voucher or selling the product by using promotion price which is mean selling the Softlan product in the lower price and introduce the latest Softlan products. Softlan can choose to have this event it is because the event can attract more customer attention to the product and know the product features. To having this event will be able to attract more the potentials customer, it is because the customer will think that the price will cheaper than normal day so they will go to join the event to get the free gift or purchasing the Softlan product with promotional price. With having this event Softlan Company can be face to face provide the Softlan information to customers. The benefit s of Softlan having an event is customer data can be collect for analysis and can understand more customer behavior in the hypermarket. Thus, some cross-selling will be implementing in the events. It is also can build customer relationship to increase the customer services of Softlan and also can understand the trend of market. From the event, Softlan Company brand name will always keep in customer mind and can increase the number of new customer to purchasing Softlan products. Besides that based on the event can direct communicate with the customer and know what they wants. 3. 0 Trolley Sticker Trolley sticker is meant that the Softlan product promotion or information sticker can be stick on hypermarket trolley. Softlan can use the sticker advertisement to attract every walk in customer. It is an effective way and easy to advertise Softlan product through the sticker to create customer brand awareness. The advertisement can be saw by every customer in the hypermarket whe n they using the trolley. When the customer saw the promotion message or picture them will feel curious and will finding the Softlan product place to see it. The benefit of the Softlan trolley sticker is can reduce the advertising cost and also can expand the advertisement space of the products. It can be create awareness to all customers who are shopping in Carrefour. 14. 0 Conclusion As a conclusion, all of the media strategies can be effective advertising tools in the market. Softlan can be using this three media advertising to increase the number of customer, increase the sales, and create the brand awareness for the customer. It is an effective tools using by Softlan to compete among the fabric softener competitors. References Colgate-Palmolive, 2008, â€Å"Colgate world of care†, Accessed by 17/8/08, available on: http://www. colgate. com. my/app/Colgate/MY/HouseholdCare/ProductRecommender/FabricSoftener/PDPs. cvsp? product=SoftlanUltra -Supermarket Guru, 2007, â€Å"Spontaneous Supermarket Sales†, Accessed by 19/8/08, available on: http://archive. supermarketguru. com/page. cfm/15585 -Reuben Mark,2008, â€Å"Chairman of the Board† Accessed by 30/8/08, available on: http://www. colgate. com. my/app/Colgate/MY/Corp/ChairmansMessage. cvsp -Colgat-Palmolive, 2008, â€Å"The New York Times†, Accessed by 3/9/08, available n: http://topics. nytimes. com/top/news/business/companies/colgate_palmolive_company/index. html? excamp=GGBUcolgate-palmolivecompany&WT. srch=1&WT. mc_ev=click&WT. mc_id=BI-S-E-GG-NA-CT-colgate-palmolive_company -Bina Thompson, 2008, â€Å"Earning News†, Accessed by 9/9/08, available on: http://investor. colgate. com/print_release. cfm? ReleaseID=114277&ReleaseType=Earnings -Farlex, 2002, â€Å"The Free Library†, Accessed by 18/9/08, available on: http://www. thefreelibrary. com/The+top+50-a090607513 -Nixfon, 2006, â€Å"Brand Equity†, Accessed by 19/9/08, available on: http://www. randequity. com. my/news/news-Fifa2006. htm -Global Financial Review, 2007, â€Å"Dollars in Millions Except Per Share Amounts†, Accessed by 22/9/08, available on : http://investor. colgate. com/downloads/PDF2_18-39. pdf -Coloribus advertising archive, 2008, â€Å"Coloribus†, Accessed by 26/9/08, available on: http://www. coloribus. com/paedia/prints/2007/07/08/203482/ ColgateStrategy, 2006, â€Å"Highligh†, Accessed by 15/10/08, available on: http://investor. colgate. com/downloads/ar97. pdf Book -RosenbloomJ, 2004, High Noon in Aisle Five, Published by Inc. Magazine Boone,L, E, Kurtz, D, L, (2005), Contemporary Marketing, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall. -Strauss, J, Ansary, A, El, Frost, R, (2006), E-Marketing, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall. Appendix 1 In-Store Media Can Spur Spontaneous Supermarket Sales August 9, 2005 A new study reveals that 44% of supermarket shoppers notice messages delivered by in-store media, and 34% are influenced by in-store media in making brand purchase decisions. One key finding of the study, conducted by Mediaedge:cia, was that a strong correlation exists between shoppers noticing an in-store ad or promo tion, and that prompting an impulse purchase. However, not all forms of in-store media are created equal, nor is the effectiveness of each to different segments of shoppers. For instance, end-aisle displays and store flyers are the most noticed form of in-store advertising overall, while shopping cart ads and in-store TV ads are largely ignored by today's â€Å"on-the-go† shoppers. And, despite the rhetoric surrounding our time-challenged society, 51% of supermarket shoppers still move through every aisle of the store. A shopper's age can hold the key as to how responsive that person may be to various forms of in-store media: †¢ Shoppers age 55-64 are most influenced by product demos †¢ Shoppers 45-54 are 66% more likely to respond to flyers †¢ Shoppers 35-44 respond favorably across many in-store media including product packaging, check-out line advertising and ads outside the store (outside the entrance and in the parking lot) †¢ Shoppers 25-44 are most driven to spontaneous, unplanned sales by shelf signs In terms of gender targeting, females remain the primary supermarket shopper, and the study reveals that in-store ads are generally effective in communication with female consumers. They often hold the key to triggering spontaneous purchases – particularly if they are tied into a deal. The exception is poster ads hanging from the ceiling, which are largely ignored by female grocery shoppers. Many of those women are heads of households who bring their kids along with them on shopping excursions. It should come as no surprise, then that among them, 61% claim their children influence their brand decisions, underscoring the need for in-store communications to this age group as well. Over the past decade, the term â€Å"in-store media† has taken on a whole new meaning. Once consisting of simple signage by retailers hoping to promote specials, today, in-store media includes various incarnations, including end-aisle displays, floor signage, kiosks, interactive flat panels, and in-store audio and video transmissions. In-store media has a huge advantage over traditional media in

The Major Hickory Species in North America

Trees in the genus Carya (from Ancient Greek for nut) are commonly known as hickory. The worldwide hickory genus includes 17–19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. North America has the overwhelming edge on the  number of native hickory species, with a dozen or so (11–12 in the United States, one in Mexico), while there are five or six species from China and Indochina. The hickory tree, along with the oaks, dominates the hardwood forests of eastern North America. Identifying the Common Hickories There are six species of Carya that make up the most common hickories found in North America. They come from three major groups called shagbark (which has shaggy bark), pignut (which rarely has shaggy bark), and the pecan group. The shaggy bark is a clear identifier to separate the shagbark group from the pignut group, though some older hickories have slightly scaly bark. Hickories have a nutritious nut meat that is covered by a very hard shell, which is in turn covered by a splitting husk shell (as opposed to a larger walnut that drops with a complete husk cover). This fruit is located at the twig tips in clusters of three to five. Search for them for under a tree to help in identification. They have branching flowering catkins  just below the emerging new leaf umbrella-like dome in spring. Not all are eaten by humans. The leaves of hickory are mostly alternately placed along the twig, in contrast to a similar-looking ash tree leaf that is in an opposite arrangement. The hickory leaf is always  pinnately  compound,  and the individual leaflets can be  finely serrated or toothed. Identification While Dormant Hickory twigs have tan,  five-sided or angled soft centers called piths,  which are a major identifier. The trees bark is variable along species lines and not helpful except for loose, flaky bark on the shagbark hickory group. The trees fruit is a nut, and splitting husks are often visible under a dormant tree. Most hickory species have stout twigs with large terminal buds. Growing North American Hickory Species These large, long-lived, slow-growing deciduous trees are known for being good shade trees and feature golden color in the fall. They are difficult to transplant because of their long taproot and might be hard to find in nurseries. Their bark is a range of gray colors, whether they have shaggy bark or not, and youll find them in USDA Zones 4–9, though the pecan is found in Zones 5–9. Fruit drops from late summer into autumn. Shagbark hickory tree. Roger Smith/Getty Images Shagbark hickory, Carya ovata, is as you would imagine, a tree with shaggy bark that peels away in big pieces. Their mature height is 60–80 feet tall, with a 30–50-foot width. Leaves are  8 to 14 inches long, with five to seven leaflets  These trees are tolerant of a wide range of conditions, such as drought, acidic or alkaline soil, but do need a well-drained, large location free from salty soil. The round nut has a four-sectioned husk. Shellbark Hickory bark: Carya laciniosa. DEA/C.SAPPA/Getty Images The shellbark hickory, Carya laciniosa, is a shaggy gray-bark species. This hickory grows up to 75–100 feet tall with a 50–75-foot width. Its not tolerant of alkaline soils or drought conditions, salt spray or salty soils and needs a big area of well-draining soil. Its best grown in moist soils. Leaves are in clusters of seven to nine leaflets. Oval nuts have a five- to six-sectioned husk and are the largest of the hickory species. Carya tomentosa, Mockernut hickory. Gary Ombler/Getty Images The mockernut hickory, Carya tomentosa, reaches 50–60 feet tall and 20–30 feet wide. Its tolerant of drought but not poor drainage and is best in slightly acidic soil, as its intolerant of alkaline soils and salt in the soil. Its leaves are alternate, compound leaves with seven to nine leaflets that are hairy on the underside and the stalk; the largest will be the terminal leaf.  Its nuts ripen in fall and have four sections. Pignut hickory tree. Stan Osolinski/Getty Images The pignut hickory, Carya glabra, is a dark-gray tree that extends to 50–60 feet in height with a spread of 25–35 feet. It does well in a variety of soils. It moderately tolerates salty soil and hangs in there through drought, but it doesnt do well in areas of poor drainage. As the tree ages, the bark may appear slightly shaggy. Its alternate, compound leaves are 8 to 12 inches long with five to seven leaflets, with the one on the end being the largest. The bitter nuts are pear-shaped and have four ridges on the husks, which do not easily come off of the nut. Carya Illinoensis (Pecan tree), tree with yellow leaves in park. Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images The pecan tree, Carya illinoinensis, contains the sweetest nuts of all the hickory trees and is one of the most important native North American nut trees, though it can be a messy tree to grow due to leaf and fruit drop. It grows 70–100 feet tall with a spread of 40–75 feet. Its tolerant of acidic soils and only moderately tolerant of alkaline soils. Itll handle some poor drainage all right but not drought, salt spray, or salty soil. The bark is brownish black, and leaves are 18–24 inches long, containing nine to 17 narrow, long leaflets with a hook shape near each tip. Nuts are cylindrical. Carya cordiformis (Butternut hickory), green-leaved tree.   James Young/Getty Images The bitternut hickory, Carya cordiformis, also commonly called the swamp hickory, loves moist conditions and hates drought and poor drainage, though it can be found in some drier landscapes in addition to its typical low, wet conditions. It needs a large area to grow and can reach 50–70 feet high and 40–50 feet wide when mature. It prefers acidic soil but can tolerate alkaline. It can handle some salt spray but not salty soil. Leaves contain seven to 11 long, narrow leaflets. It grows bitter nuts that, although not poisonous, to humans are more of the inedible variety due to their taste. The nuts are about an inch long and have four-sectioned, thin husks. To identify the tree in winter, look for its bright yellow buds.

Illegal Immigrants Are Good For The Economy Of The United...

Throughout the history of independent United States, the country has attracted immigrants from different parts of the world. Illegal immigrants form the larger proportion of the immigrants into the United States. Policy analysts, government officials, as well as scholars have sought to ascertain the political, social, and economic impacts of the illegal immigrants (Hanson 11). Particularly, there has been raging debate regarding the economic impact of illegal immigration to the United States of America. It has become a matter of debate and study as it relates considerably to the nation’s politics and economy. At the centre of this debate is the question of whether illegal immigrants are good or bad to the economy of the United States (Dudley 18). Various studies have shown that majority of the United States citizens think that illegal immigrants are bad for the nation’s economy. However, there are those who believe that they are good for the economy. Several surveys show that there is consensus among many economists that both legal and illegal immigration is good for the economy as it provides cheap labor, gives net boost to the economy, reduce the cost of goods and services, and widens the market for goods and services (Kenney 23). This paper will discuss illegal immigration and its impact on the economy. In general terms, illegal immigrants are defined as all individuals who are foreign-born and are non-American citizens and who are not the legal residents of the nation.Show MoreRelatedImmigration Essay998 Words   |  4 Pages Nation of Immigrants It is often said that America is a nation of immigrants. Generations have drifted to the United States in hope for opportunity and liberty, and have also helped this country become very wealthy. Many illegal immigrants left their country in hope for a greater life in America. 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Blockbuster, Netflix, And The Media, Entertainment Rental...

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Daniel Juarez (783 words) Essay Example For Students

Daniel Juarez (783 words) Essay Daniel Juarez Mcmillen English 101 13 March 2017 Are We in a Race Against the Machine? Technological advances have set up the foundation of todays society, but the question is,has technology actually made us smarterasClive Thompson claims in Smarter thanYou Think?There is no doubt that in the world today,weas humansrelyon oursmartphones, computers, social media,machinesand televisionin our everyday lives. They serve a fundamental purpose; to enhance the way we live, learn,communicate, andkeep up withwhat is going on in the world or inourlocal regions.Even though one might say technologyis making us stupidrather than smartasNicholas Carr claims in Is Google Making Us Stupid.Technology isactuallymaking us smarter because as our technologyadvances so does our minds. Working with technologyI believehas hadsucha great influence on the way wethink, build, and create ina positive means.On endless accounts throughout history you seeitsinfluence on human cognition,the great impact technology has hadonthe creation ofnewjobs,and on the way we live our livestoday. Advances in technology havehad a great impact on society today. During theIndustrial Revolution, automation allowed for the growth of new jobs in factories that created and distributed, farm equipment, and many other products with more proficiency and effectiveness than ever beforeas author Kevin Kelly explains in his article Better than Human: Why Robots Willand MustTake Our Jobs.What does this have to do with how technology is making us smarter?It has everything to do withhowtechnologyismaking us smarter. You see this throughout the history of the United States and you see it all around the worldevery day. From the end of the Industrial Revolution,till now;you see the endless appearance of new inventions such as the TV, phones,solar panels, the internet, and so on. As technology advances sodoesscience and the world we live in.Since the Industrial Revolution, youalsosee the growth and creation of new jobs; new jobs that require advanced degrees or the proper education and training to do them.In todays time not even a bachelors degree will suffice for getting a job that was commonly done with that same amount of education in the past decades.Technology is making it so that humans have to besmarter,able toadapt, andtowork with it to improve the quality of which we live.Brooke Gladstone, author of The Influencing Machines states in her article,Technologydoes change our brains.Humanitysfirst use of handheld tools coincided with the growth of the prefrontal cortex, as well as grammatical language and more complex social networks(334).Likewise, Clive Thompson supports these ideals in his wri ting by saying Our tools are everywhere, linked with our minds, working in tandem(347).Had there nothave been these primordial instincts to use and build tools, how might we have developed cognition otherwise?We couldnt possibly have. Many people would probably agree with the fact that technology has an influence on our lives on the dailyregardlessofifits oursmartphones, social media, TV, or any of the machines that we mightwork with, or use in our homes. It helps us learn in class rooms, stay in contact with family, friends, and pen pals all over the world with just the push of a button. Technology has become the staple of a thrivingand educatedsociety.But on the other hand,as Thompson explains,One of the great challenges of todays digital thinking tools is knowing when not to use them, when to rely on the powers of older slower technologies, like paper and books(355).I would agree that it is veryeasy to get caught up in using the technology in our pockets, and forget about reading a hard cover book or writingona notepad with a pen.AuthorNicholasCarr says,The kind of deep reading that a sequence of printed pages promotes is valuable not just forthe knowledge we acquire from the authors words but for the intellec tual vibrations those words set off within our minds (327).Wesurelyneed the silence of our own minds to absorb information and have time to think and comprehend what we are learning. It also allows you to just take your time and slowyour mind down toconcentrate on the words flowing together and stimulate all senses to bring words to life.

Financial Strategy Finance and Investment Analysis

Question: Discuss about the case study Financial Strategy for Finance and Investment Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Darth Plc has been operating for thirty years. It is a manufacturing unit, which manufactures supplies medical equipment. The company is a family run business and has four directors as its senior management. Initially, the company was financing with the debentures, and it used to borrow from the high street banks. (Oppong-Boakye and Addai2015 ). Therefore, the company was making debt capital to finance the business. The company was enjoying a high volume of sales until it faced competition from the Asian market. Unable to stand with the competition faced by the Asian market, the Darth family decided to import the supplies form the Asian market itself. This made them well acquainted with the overseas culture and despite so many obstacles; the company made it through and gained entered the growth phase. At present, the business is financed through equity that is it has become an all equity-financed company. The shareholders of the company are enjoying a favorable return on their invest ment. (Jain and Shao2014)In addition, what the senior management is pondering over is to maintain such growth in the future as well. Effectively analyzing the financial data and recommending whether Darth plc should purchase the new vehicles: The main purpose of the proposal is to help Dart Plc chose the best available option for purchasing the required vehicles to support its future endeavors. In addition, with the help of proposals, Dart plc is able to evaluate the impact of discounting factors, tax rate and government rebates on its vehicles purchase. Furthermore, the investment appraisal method used in the proposals mainly help in illustrating the best options, which might increase productivity and profitability of Dart Plc. Net present value Net present value is one of the most important capital budgeting methods that is used to derived present value of the projects. With the help of proper NPV analysis, the financial feasibility of Darth familys project proposals will be evaluated. Investment Appraisal Proposal 1 year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cost (60,000.00) Fuel saving 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 Maintenance (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) Cash flow 7,000.00 7,140.00 7,282.80 7,428.46 7,577.03 Tax 20% (1,400.00) (1,428.00) (1,456.56) (1,485.69) (1,515.41) Tax saving 3,000.00 2,250.00 1,687.50 1,265.63 3,796.88 Net cash flow (60,000.00) 17,298.00 19,038.00 18,402.80 17,957.40 17,654.96 2,281.47 Discount fac 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.67 PV (60,000.00) 16,166.36 16,628.53 15,022.17 13,699.61 12,587.74 1,520.24 NPV 15,624.64 ARR 10% IRR 16% Year WDA CA TS 0 60,000.00 15,000.00 3,000.00 1 45,000.00 11,250.00 2,250.00 2 33,750.00 8,437.50 1,687.50 3 25,312.50 6,328.13 1,265.63 4 18,984.38 18,984.38 3,796.88 Proposal 2 year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cost (60,000.00) Fuel saving 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 Maintenance (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) Cash flow 7,000.00 7,140.00 7,282.80 7,428.46 7,577.03 Tax 20% (1,400.00) (1,428.00) (1,456.56) (1,485.69) (1,515.41) Tax saving 3,000.00 2,250.00 1,687.50 1,265.63 3,796.88 Net cash flow (60,000.00) 17,298.00 19,038.00 18,402.80 17,957.40 17,654.96 2,281.47 Discount fac 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.67 PV (60,000.00) 16,166.36 16,628.53 15,022.17 13,699.61 12,587.74 1,520.24 NPV 15,624.64 ARR 10% IRR 16% Year WDA CA TS 0 60,000.00 15,000.00 3,000.00 1 45,000.00 11,250.00 2,250.00 2 33,750.00 8,437.50 1,687.50 3 25,312.50 6,328.13 1,265.63 4 18984 18984 3797 Proposal 3 year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cost (75,000.00) After 10% dis (67,500.00) Fuel saving 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 Maintenance (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) Cash flow 7,000.00 7,140.00 7,282.80 7,428.46 7,577.03 Tax 20% (1,400.00) (1,428.00) (1,456.56) (1,485.69) (1,515.41) Tax saving 3,375.00 2,531.25 1,898.44 1,423.83 4,271.48 Net cash flow (67,500.00) 17,298.00 19,413.00 18,684.05 18,168.33 17,813.16 2,756.08 Discount fac 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.67 PV (67,500.00) 16,166.36 16,956.07 15,251.75 13,860.53 12,700.54 1,836.49 NPV 9,271.74 ARR 9% IRR 12% Year WDA CA TS 0 67,500.00 16,875.00 3,375.00 1 50,625.00 12,656.25 2,531.25 2 37,968.75 9,492.19 1,898.44 3 28,476.56 7,119.14 1,423.83 4 21,357.42 21,357.42 4,271.48 Proposal 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cost (75,000.00) Fuel saving 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 15,770.00 Maintenance (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) (5,472.00) Cash flow 7,000.00 7,140.00 7,282.80 7,428.46 7,577.03 Tax 20% (1,400.00) (1,428.00) (1,456.56) (1,485.69) (1,515.41) Tax saving 3,750.00 2,812.50 2,109.38 1,582.03 4,746.09 Net cash flow (75,000.00) 17,298.00 19,788.00 18,965.30 18,379.27 17,971.37 3,230.69 Discount fac 1.00 0.93 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.67 PV (75,000.00) 16,166.36 17,283.61 15,481.33 14,021.46 12,813.33 2,152.74 NPV 2,918.83 ARR 8% IRR 8% Year WDA CA TS 0 75,000.00 18,750.00 3,750.00 1 56,250.00 14,062.50 2,812.50 2 42,187.50 10,546.88 2,109.38 3 31,640.63 7,910.16 1,582.03 4 23,730.47 23,730.47 4,746.09 Justification for selection of Project 1 In the given study we have taken four proposals. The financial position of the company regarding NPV, IRR and ARR gave in the appendix. By which these proposal actions will be taken: In proposal 1 and proposal 2, in this criteria proposal 1 is to be taken into consideration but if we look in to the below-given proposal 1 is to be given to be the best with high ARR. (Lockeet al. 2013) NPV is considered to be the most effective and efficient method of choosing the proposal. NPV indicates the discounted cash flow with a present value in the business. As a business, the rule says that NPV will be accepted if it has the highest value in positivity term. The accepted proposal criteria say that project which has the cash flows greater than zero has the acceptability criteria more. So finally, it is concluded that NPV with a positive value is accepted. Similarly, the project with negative and value is rejected. The overall proposal 3 mainly helps in depicting the return, which could generate with the help of NPV, IRR, and ARR method. Also, with the overall NPV of Proposal 3 is bat 9271.13. Which is effective than prosper 4, but is irrelevant as compared to another proposal. (Das et al. (2013) mentioned that NPV valuation is mainly used by a company to choose adequate investment opportunity, which in turn might increase its overall profitability. On the other hand, Baum and Crosby (2014) criticism that during an economic crisis the overall return from investment could be hampered, this in turn reduces the efficiency of the NPV method. Also, Darth Plc could ignore proposal 3 to reduce the overall risk in investment. Furthermore, they overall ARR for Proposal 3 is around 0.08634 and IRR is around 0.1187. Besides, both ARR and IRR of Proposal 3 are better than proposal 4, but are relatively lower than the other projects. (Eliasson and Brjesson 2014) Mentioned that IRR calculation mainly depicts the overall return percentage, which is generated from cash inflow of the proposed project. However, Penning et al. (2014) stated that the overall projected cash inflow could be changed due to the negative impact of external factors. Also, Proposal 3 could not provide the required return, which is being projected from other proposals. However, the Darth Plc after evaluating the entire proposal could effectively make adequate decisions based on higher NPV, IRR, and ARR. In addition, proposal 4 is mainly depicted the lowest NPV, which could be generated from the same amount of investment. This reduced NPV 2918.83196 mainly depicts the inefficiency of the investment plan depicted in proposal 4. In this context, (Stevanovic and Pucar2012) mentioned that investment appraisal techniques mainly helps in evaluating the time value of money and provide adequate return calculation. On the other hand, (Caulfield et al. 2013) criticizes that investment appraisal does not accommodate the negative impact of external factors, which might affect profitability of the company. Thus, ignoring proposal 4 could mainly help Darth Plc to conduct investment on affect proposals and get higher return from investment. Furthermore, the valuation of ARR and IRR is at 0.0777136 and 0.084, which is relatively lower than other proposal being evaluated by Darth Plc. Also, the overall tax saving from the proposal 4 is relatively low, which could not help in improving profitability of Darth Plc. In this context, Baxter et al. (2014) mentioned that the company to detect the overall rate of return, which will be provided from the investment, mainly uses ARR. On the other hand, Turnpennyet al. (2014) criticize that overall return from investment could change with the cash flow generated from the project. All things considered, for one thing, a part of month to month condominium expenses by and large goes toward long haul, first-class activities, for example, clearing and material. (Yuen 2013). You need the assets to be accessible when it's the ideal opportunity for the carports to be repaved and the rooftops to be re-shingled. Without a composed venture arrangement, another treasurer or new board could put resources into anything in light of the fact that there's nothing keeping the board from purchasing, for instance, stocks, common assets, wares or some other money related instrument. In a down business sector, exchanging those sorts of unpredictable securities could bring about a misfortune to stores, along these lines prompting the despondent outcome of having to uncommon survey unit proprietors. Evaluating the Leasing and buying: Assessing and evaluating the implication of various proposal available: Darth Plc is a successful company and is intending to continue the growth phase in its future. For this purpose, the directors of the company are proposing to make a five-year business case so that the profitability is maintained in the future. The company has various course of action, which they could take while seeking the said objectives, and thus maintain the reputation of the company (Lefley 2015) The Company has the option of switching from the conventional vehicles used in the business to the newly introduced hybrid vehicles. The logistic manager is considering the employment of hybrid vehicle as an ideal option as it is complying with being environment friendly (lease2016).There is a difference between leasing and buying. The main advantage of lease is lower amount of monthly payments and its disadvantage is that the person is not owning the project. However, in buying, one can be considered as the owner of the project. However, the coast of acquiring the vehicle is comparatively higher than that medium sized vehicle and the traditional vehicle being used. It is expected that using the hybrid vehicle would result in the net cash inflow of 7000 during the first year operation, and the growth fate would be constant for the next four year at the rate of 2%. Also, the capital allowances would be attracted at the rate of 25% as the government would be discounting the vehicles as they are considered eco-friendly and is more carbon conscious. The hybrid vehicle being fuel-efficient would result in the fuel saving. The company would be able to save the fuel of 15770 in total. The positive implication of adopting the hybrid vehicle is that the company's cash flow would increase, and it would be able to economize on the use of fuel as the fuel cost also is reduced. (Deshmukhet al. 2013) Therefore, the positive implications of deploying hybrid vehicles can be listed down: Increase in net cash inflow of the company for the first year Saving the fuel costs as the vehicles are fuel efficient (Reuteret al. 2012) Attract capital allowances Reputation of the company would improve by being eco-friendly The use of hybrid vehicles in to the operation also has some negative implications. These are following: The cost of acquiring the hybrid vehicle is also high than the conventional vehicle and the medium sized vehicle. The per month maintenance expense is also higher and is higher than the 20% of t amount being paid for maintenance of the conventional vehicles. Therefore, it can be seen that the employment of hybrid vehicles has both positive and negative implications but the positive implication is offsetting the negative one. Critically Discussing the Capital Structure: Darth Plc had been faced with many hurdles in carrying out their business due to the competition they faced form the Asian market. Since the company has imbibed itself with the overseas culture, it has been faced with the rapidly changing management culture. The company needs to finance its business strategically to continue flourishing in the market and providing their shareholders with the fair return. The financial performance of the company is assessed using several financial metrics (Langan 2014)The strategic financial goals would be measurable so as to ensure that the business is operating effectively and efficiently. The senior management regarding the five-year business case has proposed a draft to recognize few goals to maintain the profitability and reputation of the business. The company intends to appraise the Return on capital employed in future to a level of 15%, which is currently running at 13%. The directors of the company restricted the use of hybrid vehicles as against the current vehicles they are using for their service. (Rigopoulos 2015). The management was against the use of hybrid vehicles because after conducting the analysis, the return on capital employed stood at only 13% as against the proposed rate of 15%. Though the logistic manager was against using the current vehicle deployed and was of a view that the appraising the process financially is restrictive. This is because the hybrid vehicle is considered ideal for deliveries and collection and it would lead the company towards the more carbon conscious state. So the current vehicle deployed in the business is not compatible with being environment-friendly (Rossi 2015). There were few proposals laid by the staffs on the financial matters, which would help the business in making the long-term growth plan (Rossi 2014). The costs of acquiring the vehicle are much lower than that of the traditional vehicle used by the company. The discounts offered by the government would help in attracting the capital allowances. This would also lead to economize the company on their fuel expenses, as deploying would save the fuel. However, the maintenance cost would be higher than that of the conventional vehicle being used. The research conducted by the marketers provided with the idea that using the hybrid vehicles would promote the brand image of the company. For the first year of the proposed business methods, the company would be experiencing an increase in the value of the net cash inflow. The growth rate would also increase by 2% in each year for the next four year. However, the rate of growth is constant. Another financial metrics to be considered is the use of debt in the capital structure (Isselet al. 2015) The company after entering into the growth has financed its capital structure on a sole equity basis. This is preventing the company from gaining the advantage, which a company gets while financing the business using few proportion of in the capital structure. However, financing the growth with using a minimal amount of debt is a good option but eliminating it form the capital would not be an appropriate financial strategy. This is because it has several advantages. The dividend payable to the shareholders is not tax deductible, and it must be paid after deducting the tax amount. However, the interest on debt amount is treated as an expense against revenue and then the taxable income has arrived. So using debt in the capital structure would provide a tax shield. The company would also be able to retain the profits, as using debt would only lead them to pay an amount of interest f rom their revenue. The cost of financing would also go down if the business employs a mixture of dent sand equity financing in the capital. This would also enhance the value of the company. Therefore, financing the capital using the 100%, equity would not be appropriate, and this needs to revise. The company also needs to revise and consider their investment and dividend policies and the payout ratio whether they are paying the whole amount in the form of the dividend. In this perspective, the company needs to strategize itself. Interrelationship of Investment, Financing and Dividend policies: Another course of action available to the company is that the company has the option of using debt financing that is suing debt in its capital structure. Since the company is financing its capital with 100% equity. The idea of including debt would have positive implications as it would result in increasing the value of the company (Ahmed 2013). Including debt in the capital would lower the companys cost of capital. Positive implications can be listed down below: Reduction in cost of capital Using debt would provide tax shield as the interest on debentures is treated as an expense and is deductible against revenue (Baker and Weigand2015) Provides opportunity to increase the retained profits Another course of action is changing the dividend policy (Baker 2015). This would include lowering the payout ratio. By implementing this policy, the company would be able to lower the requirement of capital, as the sufficient capital would be available to the company. It also has positive impact. The impacts are mostly positive because the company's position regarding financials is satisfactory. Conclusion: It has been sending form the above discussion that the Darth Plc has been considering of implementing the use of hybrid vehicles, which would increase their net cash inflow by a good amount. Along with the introduction of the above proposals, the company also needs to look into their various financial policies that the dividend policies, investment policies and other financial policies. The company is enjoying its equity-based financing system but it should also consider the beneficial sides of employing debt. Also, the company needs to comply with the rules of being environmental friendly. For this, it should make use and calls for the implementation of the hybrid vehicles. The company does not have any liabilities. The company can also reduce their payout ratio as their investors have utmost faith regarding the better performance of the company. This would enable them to lower their capital requirement, which would be beneficial for the company as they would be partially dependant on outsiders. From the overall assessment it is concluded that proposal 1 fulfills the all the criteria of NPV, IRR and ARR which in terms applies that, it is best among all the proposal with highest and positive criteria. References: Ahmed, I.E., 2013.Factors determining the selection of capital budgeting techniques.Journal of Finance and Investment Analysis,2(2), pp.77-88. Baker, H. 2015,Dividends and Dividend Policy,2nd end, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, GB. Baker, H.K. Weigand, R. 2015, "Corporate dividend policy revisited",Managerial Finance,vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 126-144. Baum, A.E. and Crosby, N., 2014.Property investment appraisal.John Wiley Sons. 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