Human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Human imagings management - Essay ExampleThe human resource management squad looks after various functions starting from recruiting the right talent to the organization, to their compensation and retention. Moreover, they have to develop the human resource of an organization in such a way that it is able to meet the present and future goals of the organization. efficacious HRM practices increases employee productivity as well as financial performance of an organization (Huselid, 1995). Such practices includeMicrosoft, an American public multinational corporation, was developed in 1975. It offers a wide range of computing related products and services. existence one of the most successful companies in the world, Microsoft gives a great deal of importance to its human resource. It would be not wrong to say that Microsoft is an employee driven organization and therein lays the key to its success. The vision of Microsoft states thatWe recognize that leadership in todays global marke tplace requires that we create a corporate culture and an inclusive business environment where the best and brightest diverse mindsemployees with varied perspectives, skills, and experiences--work together to meet global consumer demands.Practices Bill Gates, the driving force behind Microsoft had one simple philosophy while hiring employees for his organization. He wanted extremely scintillating staff for his company and he gave preference to intelligence over experience. Starting from selecting the most-driven employees from the best universities, and taking them with an interview process, Microsoft hired employees who fared well not only in the knowledge department but in addition had great problem-solving and technical skills. Microsoft also followed the n-1 policy while hiring employees. According to this policy, the company believed in hiring the right somebody always rather than just filling a required position.Later, Microsoft also

The Toys and Games Industrys Response to Globalazation Essay - 1

The Toys and Games Industrys Response to Globalazation - Essay patternThe strategies used by this industry to effect globalization include a comprehensive marketing and online-selling of its products. This tone enables the company to feeler many customers from diverse backgrounds of culture, race, beliefs and religion. According to Baker (2011, 82), the industrys products and services demand an international recognition and much revenue. Moreover, the management in the Toys and Games industry has learnt new management strategies through the late(a) access to large volumes of data. The access to volumes of data is a recent occurrence, which has greatly globalized many aspects of business (Butler, 2008, 41). For instance, the access to tempt data has enabled the Toys and Games industry to gather crucial information with regard to global performance trends in various sectors and product lines. Mayer (2013, 46) asserts that new methods of product differentiation and diversification feature been learnt after the acquisition of bid sets of data from a global platform. The big information has culminated in the restructuring of organizational structure for efficiency and long suit in the Toys and Games industry operations. According to Cerra (2012, 34), the big data have led to the realization of new ship canal of achieving global customer satisfaction, continuous improvement and total quality management within the Toys and Games industry. These principles are fine in the thriving of the industry. In the case of transportation of commodities, there is the use of sensors on trucks in baffle to streamline the delivery of goods through shipping. This contains the problem of stock-out cost and machine overhaul cost. The massive data have also helped the manufactures in tracking the trend of customer preference and taste (Gill, 2010, 56).

Relating the social exchange theory to increasing divorce rates Essay

Relating the fond ex miscellany guess to increasing divorce rates - Essay ExampleThese figures show that this phenomenon is almost universal. While trying to look the increasing divorce rates based on social exchange conjecture, the analysis has to consider as its variables, cost, benefit, outcome, comparison level, satisfaction, and dependence inside the institution of marriage (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 20-21). This has to be so because these are the yardsticks to measure change or stability in a system, as prescribed by the social exchange theory. The theory suggests that after marriage, people evaluate their relationship in terms of costs and benefits (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 20). And the survival of the marriage is ensured and when the costs like additional work, additional responsibilities, sacramental manduction of personal things etc. are balanced by the benefits that include love, support, companionship, emotional security, social status and connections, and se xual relations, as well as property, financial resources and financial aid with daily tasks (Clarke-Stewart and Brentano, 20). ... So, according to social exchange theory, if alternative attractions and resources are stronger as compared to the rewards, divorce happens. In general, social exchange theory presupposes that all interpersonal behavior including dating, marriage and family relationships, is assumed to involve a execute of negotiation and bargaining (Baker, 78). Usually from a social scientists common perspective, the reasons for divorce can be delays in age at first marriage, rising non-marital cohabitation, and increases in non-marital births and overly womens growing teaching method and economic independence, a even out in religious influence, an increase in individualism, and a corresponding decline in communalism (Lamb, 196). The risk factors that bring about a divorce as identified by researchers also constitute a very long list (qtd. In Lamb, 197). This list i ncludes, factors like Marrying a teenager, cosmos poor, having a low level of education, having no children from the marriage, bringing children from a previous union into the marriage, being in a second or higher order marriage, cohabiting prior to marriage, having no religious affiliation, not sharing the same religion with ones spouse, living in an urban area, and growing up in a household without two continuously married parents (Lamb, 197-198). Other findings of social science research in this regard have suggested that education has a positive association with the risk of divorce (qtd. by Lamb, 198). many more immediate causative factors of divorce have been identified as well. These comprise of frequent arguments, perennial expressions of negative affect, domestic

Analysis the case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analysis the case study - Essay ExampleHence the case is an inductive method as applied in qualitative methodological analysis. In this case, the investigator decided to go through the subjects attitude, likes and dislikes and behaviour through a narrative / dialogue in a real-life situation.Having decided on the means, the researcher collects the data by probing the minds and behaviour of the subjects in an environment which enables the subjects to be as true and automatic as possible. The researcher also prepares his own observations of the subject matter (Ski Lodge at the Oceana Club) in venerate of which, the participants express their inner thoughts. These observations are in a reflective type note, and give the location a character against which the collected data is analysed.Thus an inductive and interpretive type qualitative research methodology is employed in this case, based on real-life situation with the participants and the background as subjects under study. This m ethodology is detach while collecting data from a relatively small sample and the subject is not compliant to quantitative and deductive research that is more appropriate for dealing with processes than with people.The interview took place as an free chat with conversation flowing freely between the interviewer and the participants in the real world set up. The Interviewer supplemented his written matter with his own reflective fieldwork notes. In the process the ambience and attractiveness of place is being assessed in an meet research method.In analysing qualitative research work, the common steps are interim analysis, memoing, data entree and coding (South Alabama University, Ch.17, 2008). In the interim analysis, the queries are neither structured nor do they follow either particular and predictable pattern. They are generated as the interview progresses until the issue is completely understood. To achieve this objective, the researcher may apply a cyclical method of que stioning to support or reject the

Difference between void contracts and voidable contracts Assignment

Difference between annul undertakes and voidable incurs - Assignment ExampleVoidable contract is a form of valid contract where all the four indwelling elements of a contract atomic number 18 present. jibe to Cross and Miller (2011, p. 752), a voidable contract is a contract which might be lawfully keep downed (canceled, or annulled) at the option of one of the parties. In more generalized sense, the party/parties having the option to avoid the contract can avoid the contract altogether. Otherwise, they can also select which contractual duty is to be avoided. However, there is a process of ratification. If the contract is ratified by the contracting parties, then even a voidable contract will become strictly enforceable.Firstly, void contracts are itself a category of contracts. exactly voidable contracts are a subcategory of valid contracts. Secondly, void contracts are no contracts at all. However, voidable contracts are strictly enforceable contracts once they are ratifie d by the contracting parties. Thirdly, a void contract can never have all the four essential contractual elements in it. For example, if the element of circumstance be missing in a contract, then that contract can be deemed as a void contract. However, this is not the case with voidable contracts. A voidable contract has all the four essential contractual elements in it1. Suppose, A and B sign a contract on dealership of cannabis. However, interchange or buying cannabis is banned in the US. So this kind of contract is a void contract since it violates law. (Schaffer, Agusti, and Earle 2008)2. Suppose, A and B sign a contract to build a resort on an island in an active delta area. After a few days, there is a flood and the island is completely settle under sea. Then, the contract between A and B will become void since the object of the contract cannot be achieved

Kuwait Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kuwait Women - Essay ExampleBut, gradually, the authorities open noticed that the boorish with abundant kind-hearted resources is facing workers shortage in some(prenominal) strategic positions in the country. The government has invested a sizeable list of money solely for the education of women in Kuwait. These initiatives had paved the way for the commencement of many developmental activities targeted towards women in the country. In the past there were stories about Kuwait women which had become hot news in the countrys media. The same media is now reporting that Kuwait women are revolutionizing the role of women in the countrys growth and prosperity.The recent years have proved that Kuwait has also some women leaders like that of other countries. In 2006, Vital Voices world-wide Partnership recognized seven Kuwaiti women at the Annual Leadership Awards as honor for their historic achievement. Their profile is briefed belowShe is a professor of sociology and has been active in protecting the right of women in the country for 35 years. She is now trying to make the next generation Kuwaiti women and men to be much politically aware and activeShe is the beginning(a) to forward request to the Parliament in 1971 of the womens political rights. She is the afford of Kuwaiti Womens federation, started an Arabic Magazine and first female Kuwaiti television director. She was recently honored by the National Council for Culture, Arts, , and Literature for a life time of achievement. Lulwa Al-MullaShe is the Secretary General of the Womens Cultural and Social Society. She lead the efforts of Kuwaiti women to file a petition to the Kuwaiti Government seeking to attain the voting right. She had traveled throughout the world and has been maintaining good relations with many world leaders to find remedy for many conflicts Fatima Hussien Al-Essa Al-QanaieShe is one of the first Kuwaiti women to be educated outside the country and the first to work in Kuwaits Mins ter of Foreign Affairs. Moreover, she is a renowned writer and one of the top television and radio host. She has been known for her sempiternal efforts to bring marginal issues of Kuwait women to mainstream.Dr. Rola DashtiShe is a women activist in Kuwait, fighting for gender equality and increase role of women in public life. She has been recently been listed as one of the fifty most powerful Arabs. She was the first women to declare her candidacy for the 2007 election in Kuwait. Ghada Al-KhalafShe is an MBA graduate from an International University, representing the future generation of Kuwait. She founded the Youth and receive Committee of Kuwait, an origination that works for augmenting the political awareness among the youth. Lulwa Abdelwhab Eassa Al-QettamiShe is known as the mother of Womens Movement in Kuwait. She has served as the first Dean of a Womens College. She is famous for the controversial liberalization of women from wearing abaya in 1963. She was selected for h er endless effort for Social Work and Volunteerism in the Arab world as the Arab Woman for the year 1987. Work CitedFattah M. Hassan. 2006. first gear Time Out, Kuwaiti Women Become a Political Force. 23 November, 2008. Women Leaders of Kuwait. (n.d.).Vital Voices Global Partnership. 23 November, 2008http//www.vitalvoices.org/desktopdefault.aspxpage_id=724

Medicaid Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicaid Health Care Finance - prove ExampleMedical science is still in its development stages as cures for diseases that were incurable are beingness developed. Such an example is of cancer, Hepatitis B and etc. These diseases were incurable some time ago but the rise in medical sciences has enabled doctors to cure such diseases. Treatment for these diseases is not only available but is in addition done at cheap rates that are affordable, but still affordability has been a problem. Medical Science has experienced two major problems in the last decade. Number one is the affordability of treatment and medicines for citizenry and secondly the fraud and abuse of medicines which has become very common around the world (Kelman & Straker, 1999). In this paper we impart discuss how the federal government of US has controlled the cost associated with the Medicaid program and how it has helped reduce the Medicaid fraud and abuse.Good wellness is significant to everyone. If a person can t pay for medical care right now, Medicaid can make it seeming for him or her to get the care that is needed so that the person can get healthy and stop fit. Medicaid is obtainable only to certain low-income individuals and families who fit into an eligibility cluster that is recognized by federal and state law. Medicaid does not disburse money to a person instead, it sends payments straight to the persons health care provider (Heiser, 2008). Depending on the states rules, a person may also be asked to compensate a small division of the charge for a few medical services. Medicaid is a state administered plan and each state sets its individual conveylines regarding eligibility and services. Many groups of people are roofed by Medicaid, take down within these groups, though, definite requirements must be met. These may plant of age, pregnancy, disability, blindness, or old age, income and resources and if a person is a U.S. citizen or a lawfully admitted immigrant. The regulation s for counting the income and resources discord from state to state and from group to group. There are particular rules for those who reside in nursing homes and for disenable children living at home (Commerce Clearing House, 2007). A child may be entitled for reportage if he or she is a U.S. citizen or a lawfully admitted immigrant, even if his or her parents are not. Eligibility for children is base on the childs status, not the parents. Also, if someone elses child lives with a person, the child may be qualified even if that person is not because the earnings and resources will not add up for the child.Fraud and AbuseThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid operate CMS is dedicated to fighting fraud and abuse, which redirect dollars that could or else be spent to preserve the health and wellbeing of Medicaid customers. To fortify its obligation, CMS has implemented a Medicaid veracity module. This is in reply to the requirements of the Deficit Reduction Act DRA of 2005, finalized on February 8, 2006 by the President, in which Congress proposed CMS to establish the Medicaid Integrity Program MIP. In doing so, it spectacularly augmented the resources affectionate to CMS to fight fraud, misuse and exploitation in the Medicaid program. The DRA says that a five-year Comprehensive Medicaid Integrity Plan CMIP be printed to guide MIP growth and functions. This CMIP specially discusses statutory necessities, program

Critical appraisal and evaluation evidence Research Paper

Critical appraisal and rating evidence - Research Paper ExampleThis balances the muscularity usance in the body thereby reduction significantly the amount of energy that the body requires for normal functioning. The bodys energy requirement further influences the pressure of rent flow at bottom the vessels. It regulates the heart beat thereby regulating the amount of job flowing within the tissues. The reduced amount of blood in the vessels keeps the arteries open to accommodate the blood thus containing the condition. This is therefore the beginning step towards managing hypertension. tranquillity performs similarly actions to meditation only that the former includes other secondary body activities. Relaxation is a process in which the body calms down, this is a time in which the body minimizes its activities leaving the base life sustenance activities such as breathing and little selective secondary activities (Wright &Musini, 2009). Relaxation is congenator and different people relax differently, this therefore implies that different people use different amount of energy during relaxation. While others take short walks in cool weather for relaxation, others derive such privileges from small negotiation with friends. Besides the energy that the body consumes to sustain breathing, the body consumes substantial amount of energy to sustain the talks or the walks that different people refer to as relaxation. ... Hypertension occurs in stages but is more dominant in the elderly and the overweight whose arteries are thus constricted. Poor lifestyles results in an uncontrolled weight nominate which is caused by increased underlying fat that the body reserves below the skin. As the fat piles, it narrows the blood vessels specifically the arteries. Narrowed arteries constrict the flow of blood thus causing higher pressure of the rank(a) eventually bursting the blood vessels leading to internal bleedings. Hypertension is linked to shortened life expectanc y and causes a number of other associated chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, heart failures and stroke among other opportunist infections. Uncontrolled hypertension is a heightened level of the increased blood pressure that mainly occurs in adults. be a lifestyle condition, hypertension requires a strict lifestyle regimen to control and manage. With effective management, it is assertable to contain the condition or even treat it completely. The poor management results from heckles lifestyle which includes excessive consumption of alcohol and unregulated diet. Hypertension contributes to more than a thousand deaths annually in the United States of the States alone. These deaths do not arise directly from the actual hypertension but from other related chronic conditions such as kidney infections and heart failures. Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension Controlling the condition therefore requires one to lock up in activities that lower blood pressure. One such acti vity is meditation. Therapeutic mediation begins with an effective discernment of oneself. This implies that one understands himself or herself and aware of the conditions he or she is suffering from. This

Madonna and child Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

bloody shame and child - Research Paper Examplehild Jesus the main characters in Madonna and Child. Except for Jesus, watchword of God the Father by Christian faith, there argon no other gods and goddesses in the image.The conniption of Madonna, which translates to Our Lady, and her Christ Child provides relation to Catholic worship of Mary as a arrant(a) Mother or a woman handpicked by the Divine to conceive for a Holy Child, surface of purity. Each of the persons in this biblical theme of Duccios work identified as Mary and Jesus, are dressed in what appears to be a black silken garment and a customary tunica in peach and brown, respectively. Mary and Jesus are in a position where Mary, looking pop as though to make contact with audiences point of sight in soothe sacred radiance, holds Jesus close to her bosom while Jesus warmly and innocently gazes at her with an iconic holy sign in the fingers of his right hand.The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Madonna and Child Duccio di Buoninsegna. The Collection Online. 2000 2014. Web. 10 Nov 2014.

The Issue of Masculinity in Short Stories Literature review

The Issue of Masculinity in Short Stories - Literature review ExampleAs the paper outlines,the issue of masculinity is a major subject in the three short stories. seat Bergers base ways of seeing tries to explain how women and men are viewed and perceived differently by society. During Bergers time, the way women and men were represented culturally had extensive influence on their mutual perception, self, and conduct. In my view, the way Berger portrays the men and women is a true reflection of how they are viewed in the contemporary society where there is widespread gender discrimination, oppression of women by dominant men and objectification of women. As Berger aptly puts it, men flirt women appear(72), men are judged by what they do or their action while women are perpetually judged by their appearance. However, in contrast to the common notion that women are mere objects, they can be a source of inspiration as portrayed in The Life You Save May Be Your testify by Flannery OConnors. Lucynell Crater Offers Tom Shiftlet a chance to attain Grace. He had no friends, had been wander but in the long run, Lucynell assists him to get a chance to work hard, get a household, stand a quiet life and have an opportunity of watching the beautiful sunset. Although OConnors story shows that women can influence mens life, it is evident that sometimes men do not deem the assistance offered as proven by Shiftlets opinion on his marriage as he states, that was just something a woman in an office did, nothing but paperwork and blood tests(28). Although he had nix views of the marriage presided by a woman, it can be concluded that he was ultimately married legitimately to Lucynells daughter. My analysis of Tall Tales from the Mekong Delta by Kate Braverman show that society views women as people who can be influenced easily by men to engage in immorality. Braverman states, The thrill of motorcycle rides and diamonds offered by Lenny had a owing(p) influence on her s ubstance abuse.

Comparing The End of the Imagination and The Redfern Speech Essay

Comparing The End of the Imagination and The Redfern Speech - Essay ExampleArundhati Roy and capital of Minnesota Keating, to convince the au transcendnce to look at in what they are saying, utilize the strategy of adding emotional appeal to their evidence, and by doing so, has struck the deepest cord of their heart. It is not only the evidence, but the emotions and imagination attached to the evidence, which helps Roy and Keating to win the hearts of the audience, and hence, it leave behind not be wrong to say that it is the emotions, and not just the evidence, that helps person to convince others in the make for of communication. Arundhati Roy In her essay The end of the imagination, Arundhati Roy has expressed her strong views against the atomic tests conducted by Government of India in 1998. Roy has taken aid of strong evidence, through facts, reasoning and future possibilities, to convince the audience about her disapproval to contendds the nuclear tests. The evidence that Roy has used to convince the audience are discussed below. The consequences of nuclear war The first strategy that Roy has used to prove her stand against the nuclear testing by Indian government is the description of the consequences of the nuclear war. Roy has describe the horrors of nuclear war in a vivid language. Instead of just using the words evil or harmful, she has clearly described how the villages, rivers, wind and human body will be affected by the nuclear war. This vivid description gives a feeling of the horrors of nuclear war and creates a clear date of its consequences. The picture of what really happens after the nuclear war, and how it affects the environment and human beings, shocks the reader. Hence, the clarity of the effects of nuclear war on human body, the atmosphere, on future generation through poisonous radiations and the effects on environment, whole shebang as a strong evidence to prove why she is against the nuclear testing. The second evidence Roy uses is by questioning the sanity of men who can get access to the nuclear weapons. Suicide bomber brainpower Indian government had given deterrence as a reason for their decision to go frontwards with nuclear testing. However, Roy has argued that the theory of deterrence has flaws in it. She has questioned Indian Governments agreement of the enemy. Roy feels that one cannot figure the enemy to be similar to self. That is, she has expressed her concern over the terrorist groups who are not deterred by the nuclear capacity of the enemy as they have a different psyche. She discusses the psychology of terrorists who are ready to die in order to kill. She calls this a suicide bomber psyche. Terrorists are so strongly brainwashed to believe in their cause that they do not hesitate even a bit to destroy themselves in order to prove their point. They are ready to perish, and are insane enough to destroy millions of lives. Roy says that if the nuclear bomb gets in hands of such people, then the theory of deterrence, proves baseless. To convince this point, she has provided the evidence of death of Rajiv Gandhi. Rajiv Gandhi, the Prime curate of India, was assassinated by suicide bomber. Using his assassination as evidence, Roy questions the Indian Governments understanding about the enemy psyche. Roy questions that when even a man of premiere stature like Rajiv Gandhi was not save by the

Heat Transfer from Steam to Water Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Heat Transfer from Steam to Water - Lab Report ExampleHeat is a form of energy and the direct of energy contained in a certain object is shown by the level of temperature in the object. The main purpose of this look into was to test on the arouse transfer from go to water. straw is usually produced when the water is heated to its boiling point and the heat can also be transferred from steam to water. Unlike the heat transfer by the other processes, e.g. abridgement, radiation and conduction, heat transfer by condensation for example in steam does not involve temperature change. The steam passes on its latent heat to the products when it condenses on the heat transfer surface. This product formed for the condensate still contains its own sensible heat and this heat is of the same temperature that is contained in the steam from which it was produced. This experiment uses devil sets of equipment. The first set is described under heating plant Liquids in Tank Storage. The second set is described under Corning Heat Exchanger. The main aim of this experiment is to test on the heat transfer from the steam to water and to produce analysis from the data accumulate in the lab. Usually, the latent heat that is contained within the steam is released instantly as the steam condenses into the liquid state. The tot of latent heat that is released ranges from 2-5 times greater than the amount of sensible heat available from water after(prenominal) cooling.The objective is to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient (Uo) for the external heat exchanger at two different water circulation rates. The rate of heat transfer that is often obtained during the condensation of the vapour is always very crucial since it is used in many industries in the steam heated vessels where the steam condenses and produces the heat. It is also employ in the distillation and evaporation where vapors produced must first be condensed. The latent heat of drying up is produced at a constant temperature that is the boiling temperature of the liquid. The Equations were used to compute the over-heat transfer coefficient. The equations enabled the valves of both experimental as well as heat transfer coefficient to be calculated.

The Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the Case Study of the Article

The Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the subject area Study of the Music Industry In 2006 - Article ExampleThe paper tells that merchandise attractiveness in this context refers to the general manufacture gain of profitability. On the new(prenominal) hand, in an unattractive industry or market setup, is one that does not conform to the five forces analysis, since it offers a projection of losses within the market in the long run. In other words, an unattractive market would be one that is approaching the aim of pure competition, that is, the available profits for on the whole firms within the market are depicted at a normal profit. The porter five forces analytical model has the following components the facilitate the examination of a particular product within the industry The first part of the porter five forces model is the essential Rivalry, which explains the competitive level within the industry. In this particular scenario, the intensity of competition within the medicament industry in that specific year is high because given the numerous number of players in the medication industry. The major(ip) players in this market include Universal Music Group which owns 26% share of the music planetary market and has the prospects of confluence with Sony BMG Music Entertainment to increase the production rate of publishing music media. The merging of companies within a market tends to consolidate the industry. For example, in the year of 2004, the entertainment and recording companies, Sony Music and the BMG, unify to change the equilibrium within the competitive market. The major companies highlighted in the case study regarding the prospected changes in the music industry form mergers with the expectation of each company trying to favorably compete with each other by developing new products or increasing the mass of production in the market all the time. For instance, the 50-50 joint venture between Sony and BMG Music Entertainment which made it the second largest major in the music industry.

Iterature Review of Papers and Books regarding the development of a Literature

Iterature of Papers and Books regarding the development of a loyalty course - Literature review Example9). This is because it costs less to retain existing customers than it does to recruit new ones. Moreover, existing customers cost less to manage, as they argon less likely to call the company during peak hours and argon more than likely to know about the result. Additionally, loyal customers are more likely than satisfied customers to bribe additional products from the company, which increases profits still further (Szwarc, 2005). Rust et al. (2000) views the issue of customer loyalty in equipment casualty of transactions verses relationships. They state that the era between 1920 and 1960 was a product-focused era, in which the emphasis, in advertising and marketing, was on the product itself. This mind-set gradually changed, however, as companies began to realize that the relationship between the customer and the service provider was more crucial than the mortal transacti on. Thus, customer satisfaction came to be viewed as more important to these companies than product ads and private transactions. Current sales became less important to companies than the prospect for future sales (Rust et al. 2000). Levitt (1993) states that customer loyalty comes from efficaciously managing relationships. To do this, the company must build awareness of problems and opportunities. It must also assess what is necessary to stupefy desired results. Accountability is another prong that Levitt (1993) states is important, as businesses must establish regular reporting on individual and group relationships. Actions is the last prong of effectively managing relationships, and this means that companies must make decisions and establish routines and communications that target important relationships (Levitt, 1993). Reichheld (1996) states that there are three rules of thumb to remember regarding customer loyalty. The first rule is that some customers are inherently loyal, in that they inherently prefer predictability and stability in their relationships with stores and brands. The second rule is that some customers are more profitable than others they pay their bills on time, they spend more money and they require less service. The ordinal rule is that the company should not try to be all things to all people, and needs to find its exceptional strengths and match these strengths with customers needs and opportunities (Reichheld, 1996). Regarding the first rule, that some customers are inherently loyal, Robinson and Etherington (2006) argue that most customers compulsion to be loyal, especially in todays ever-changing world. They argue that individuals have a need to belong, and want to belong to customer communities for brands and companies that they like (Etherington 2006). Among the developments in the past 20 years which have affected loyalty, jibe to Szwarc (2005) are new technologies and exporting jobs overseas. While new technology, such as phone trees in which a customer talks to a computer, as opposed to a live person, as well as transporting jobs overseas, are cost-cutting measures, they also affect customer loyalty. Customers want and need to talk to a human being, so phone trees are often off-putting. Moreover, companies get a bad image when it becomes known that they are move jobs overseas, and customers become frustrated talking to foreign workers when they call to try to solve a problem

Why Shiller and Fama can won the Nobel Prize Essay

Why Shiller and Fama can won the Nobel Prize - Essay ExampleAccording to their views, their mull over impacts the way individuals choose to save and how governments choose to stimulate economies. They explain that poor pricing can subscribe to to economic bubbles and result into financial market crash leading to a financial crisis. The methods the three economists take in a useful tool in academic research. Their theories and studies are clear and simple such that either person who is not in the finance major can understand what they discuss on asset prices (Nobel Media AB, 1). Fama stipulates that it is nearly impossible to predict short term changes in stock prices. If a person is enkindle in stock investment, the knowledge of how stocks trade in the past week may not befriend predict what will happen in the coming week (Nobel Media AB, 1). He carries out a inference that shows the assimilation of new information as dividend announcements and stock splits into share values. Shiller comes along to demonstrate long-term form in stock price changes (Nobel Media AB, 1). Through his research, he demonstrates that the stock prices fluctuate more than underlying basics such as dividend yields. Hansen put his thoughts on research and helped answer the questions of stock prices by using his ecumenicized method of moments, and using statistical models that incorporated asset prices. The findings of the three economists led to the popularity of index funds to the general public. The study of risk and field of behavioral finance was exposed to the public domain for scrutiny.Carrying out the right(a) predictions of asset prices for the future is a hard task. Even so, it is possible to foresee the future broad style of these prices basing the analysis on longer periods such as the next three or five days to come (Nobel Media AB, 1). These findings were the attributes of the laureates, Fama, Hansen, and

Ozone Depletion Causes Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ozone Depletion Causes Global Warming - Essay ExampleWhen it is formed near the surface of the ground, it is toxic and whitethorn cause asthma while it is a blanket of protection from solar radiation once it is determined in the melodic line. The region of the ozone in the atmosphere is known as the ozone layer which has an altitude of 10 to 35 kilometers. The oxygen in the atmosphere once exposed to ultraviolet rays from the sun is converted to ozone and the harmful UV radiation is absorbed. It is very important to have ozone since the higher the concentration of ozone, the less UV radiation abide reach the surface of the primer coat and the same applies the other way around. Sunburn, skin cancers and eye cataracts are the consequences once ozone layer is thin and more UV rays can penetrate the atmosphere (Shanklin 84). To understand the ozone in the atmosphere better, it would be help if the exact location is identified and further reactions that may cause the depletion of it . Ozone layer is per centum of the stratosphere and the ozone gas is scattered over 15 kilometers above sea level. Ozone may not be as much as the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in the air, it is still very important because of its index to absorb the radiation. In 1970, a study was made by Crutzen regarding nitrogen oxides which are produced from the decay of azotic oxide through the action of microorganisms in the soil. The study showed how nitrogen oxides react quickly with ozone leading to the concentration reduction of available ozone. Such a study opened the research onglobal biogeo-chemical cycles and the nitrogen oxides released by airplanes as they travel on the stratosphere (Lipkin 262). Ozone layer depletion increased the harmful radiation at the surface of the planet. The qualify may have both beneficial and harmful effects to living things especially to human beings. more than people became aware of the consequences of radiation exposure in the past 60 years. According to some new-fashioned reports, the eye and the skin are the most prawn to damages and diseases once exposed to UV radiation. Cataract is the linguistic rule effect of UV radiation to the eyes while skin cancer is the common result on skin (Norval et. al. 199). The other term that must be defined is global warming. The average surface temperature of earth increases as the years passed and possibly it would continue in the future is said to be global warming. It is caused by the greenhouse effect which is the increase in the concentration carbon dioxide and other gases like water vapor, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere that envelop the surface of the earth and prevents the UV radiation to escape to the outer space. pitying activities hasten the increase in concentration of the green house gases that increase the temperature of the earth. Climate models predicted that surface temperature of the earth increases by 1.1-6.4oC within the year 1990 and 2100. If greenhouse effect had been regulated, the temperature of planet earth would have been 30oC lower at least (Rajeshwari 337). Global warming is really affected by the green house gases that are amenable for the green house effect. Experts say manmade carbon dioxide emissions are the primary reason for the increase in temperature. some other people may claim that the occurrence is just normal although the temperature increase nowadays is beyond the normal threshold. The findings were not able to find any alarming carbon dioxide

Level of Stress Among Call Centre Employees Essay Example for Free

Level of centering Among Call Centre Employees EssayLevel of spin among Call Centre Employees Submission date eighth January, 2008 Submitted By Ayesha Khalid Ayesha Sarfaraz Nazool-e-Tabassum Saira Khan Mussaffa Butt Submitted to Dr. Farah Malik Associate Professor Department of Psychology Government College University Lahore Introduction extend is used as a general label for a vast complex, interdisciplinary area of participation and study, much of which is health related.Most often stress is related to personal discomfort associated with an over demanding or distressing lifestyle situation (Adams Bromley, 1998) stress is a part of everyday life, we experience stress for each one day, although it is acknowledged that the degree of stress varies considerably depending on the complexity of the situation and availability of support. For some, the stress is amenable and work or home life is non affected. For others, however, the stress reaches a critical point where ther e may be a need for medical or psychiatric assistance (Weiten, 2001).The causes of stress stool include any event or occurrence that a person considers a threat to his or her coping strategies or resources. Researchers generally agree that a certain(a) degree of stress is a chemical formula part of a living organisms response to the inevitable changes in its physical or social environment, and that positive, as well as negative, events can generate stress as well as negative occurrences (Frey, 2002). there can be innumerable stress factors since different individuals react differently to the same stress conditions. extreme stress situations for an individual may prove to be mild for another, for yet another person the situations exponent not qualify as stressing at all. (http//www. lifepositive. com/stress. html). The fact that women report and exhibit higher level of mental distress than men has been explained in three major ways. The methodological artifact explanation sug gests that women are socialize to be more expressive and therefore will admit more emotional symptoms than men in response to the standard psychological stress (Frey, 2002).The stress exposure argument suggests that women face more stressor in general or more severe, persistent stressors than men. Whereas the vulnerability argument suggest that women lack coping resources much(prenominal) as high self esteem, a sense of mastery or appropriate coping strategies for use the stressors to which they are exposed. Newman (1984 c. f. Eckenrode, 1991) suggested that women over report minor symptoms that inflate over all distress scores (Eller, 2000). evince in humans in general results from interactions between persons and their environment that are perceived as straining or exceeding their adaptive capacities and threatening their well-being. The element of perception indicates that human stress responses reflect differences in personality, as well as differences in physical strength or general health (Frey, 2002). Stress is often termed as a twentieth century syndrome, born out of mans race towards modern pass off and its ensuing complexities.For that matter, causes such as a simple flight delay to managing a teenage minor at home can put you under stress. Listing the causes of stress is tricky yet satisfy with practical diversity (http//www. lifepositive. com/stress. html). General cause of stress include primarily, Threat a perceived threat will lead a person to notion stressed. This can include physical threats, social threats, pecuniary threat, and so on. Fear Fear leads to imagined outcomes, which are the real source of stress.Uncertainty When the great unwashed are not certain, they are unable to predict, and hence feel they are not in control, and hence may feel fear or feel threatened by that which is causing the uncertainty (http//www. workstress. net/causes. htm). Apart from certain general causes another reason is cognitive dissonance it is whe n there is a gap between what people do and what they think, then the outcome experience is cognitive dissonance, which is felt as stress.

Form and Structure Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure EssayAs an AS drama group, we carried out authoritative exercises on narrative structure, to identify ourselves with that used in the play. For instance, we each acted out a scene, illustrating an everyday action at law such as waking and getting up. We whence narrated these scenes first in the first person narrative, then in the third.This enabled us to identify with how Brecht wished his actors to perform, as by narrating our own actions in the third person narrative, we were detaching ourselves from the part we were playing, and so were not thinking emotionally what should this timbre think and feel now, but rather thought, how should this character appear. This also enabled us to understand how the process of taking photographs of scenes and trying to identify what was occurring within that scene, helped Brecht decide if his actors were playacting correctly.The Verfremdungseffekte were designed to expose the familiar Brechts actors were to present th ings in their concrete reality so that the audience would be encouraged to think about what had given arising to situation depicted, in this case Hitlers, or Uis rise to power, and therefore consider ways to change those conditions in the future. * The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui is divided into 15 scenes, several(prenominal) of which are subdivided into several sections identified by letters. These 15 scenes are then divided almost equally into 2 acts. This symmetry gives the play a degree of continuity, enabling it to flow smoothly.Scene 8 displays a structure unique from that of other scenes throughout the play. It is the scene in which the innocent fish is on visitation for potentially burning down Hooks warehouse. He is being tried before a calumniate judge caused by the manipulation of the judicial system by Ui and his underlings. This scene is divided into seven parts, a to g. Each of these parts is shorter in length than that preceding it, hence quickening the pace of the play and mental synthesis tension within the scene. The shortening sections also highlight Fishs plunge into a prison sentence, that which he is undeserving of.

The Swimmer Essay Example for Free

The Swimmer EssayThe sport of locomote is one that is heavily contested moreover is non for the weak and soft hearted. Bright and early morning sessions are an expectance and a normal individual would overtake a swimmer as crazy. Swimming is a sport that requires determination, dedication, commitment and some monstrous time management. Swimmers endure much pain, stress and anxiety with fitting e genuinelything into their lives without the daily troubles of family and relationships. I will hold forth my experiences and my daily adversities and joys along with the mental and physical times that I endure as a swimmer. getting up at the dim hours of morning when the buzzer screeches and reads 445 is not a very pleasant sight to anyone. This sight of the clock to swimmers is a regular viewing and one that they do without hesitating. When I think what time I get up and why, so many thoughts dwell through my head. charm other students are snuggled in their beds with the heating on and breakfast to meet them when they wake I am swimming in reasonably cold water, countenance laps of pain, with many thoughts entertaining me. After enduring these laps I do not have an appetizing breakfast only a mere leading(predicate) of juice and muesli bar hardly enough to look forward to.Many would think while schooling this, then why do you do it? The answer is a simple one I see a sense of belonging in the sport. If I were to quit swimming which I have dwelled and neared performing upon, I would feel unfit, allowhargic and would feel as if I was not good at anything and and then nothing to be recognized as. As a leader in one of the sports at the college, I feel satisfied that at least I am giving something to a team and at one time again feel a sense of belonging. If I were to give up and not swim undermentioned year in my final year at the college, I would feel as if I had let myself down as well as the team and I would not mean much to the college.In my short c areer in swimming I have achieved accolades that I am proud of. These accolades involve winning an Australian medal, being Victorian Champion, and making a Tip Top Australian Team. at once you have reached a level of this, it is very hard not to let go. In saying so, I achieved winning a medal at the Australian Age Championships two years ago. The year subsequently I was struck down with illness and a shoulder injury that plagued my preparation. Disappointed with coming sixth in my main event hit me hard, but I was determined to make amends for my vexation this year. This year I learn as well as I have ever trained and was committed down to every lap. I raced my hardest and ultimately, failed. I missed the national final and to me this was a pinpoint slap in the face for all the hard work I had done.I had prepared adequately for the meet and had just failed mentally. My legs lactated up during the race and I struggled to finish the race off. I swam the race opinion negatively and it reflected on my result. When I was younger, a couple of years ago, I believed that I had enough keystone and determination to beat anyone I tried including Australian Champions. With this determination, I hit the wall. All of my confidence has small-scale and I struggle to keep positive. After swimming my final race at the recent Australian Championships in Brisbane, I saw my time of 213.9 and place of 13th. At that particular moment later getting out of the water, I felt total anger and anguish.Its over. Im not going to swim anymore. I said to a fellow competitor.They saw on my face that I meant it. I held back disunite of anger and frustration as another wasted opportunity went by. I went home with believing that I was going to quit swimming and found no enthusiasm or reason to continue. This was until my older familiar gave me advice that at once I refused, and then I considered his suggestion of making a diversity and abject clubs. Due to the close relationship th at I had with my coach, I struggled to imagine telling him face to face that I was going to cease training with him. However, I took on board that he would want the best for me and even if that meant moving. I met him face to face and battled tears in telling him that I was moving to a new-made club and a giant force in Swimming Victoria.Now I am swimming at a club called Melbourne Vicentre which, is home to the likes of Matt Welsh, Michael Klim and Giaan Rooney. It is a prospective change for me and a change that I am hoping will improve my swimming and reflect on a happier lifestyle. Swimming is not an easy sport, a swimmer requires different strengths these strengths help a swimmer in life in swimming and beyond.No one does something because it is easy. That is why you guys are special, you guys arent normal. Swimming isnt normal, it is not normal to wake up the hours that you guys wake up at, while your friends are in bed or watching TV.

Teenagers and Drugs Essay Example for Free

Teenagers and Drugs EssayA drug is either substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the bodys function either physically and/or psychologically. Drugs may be legal or illegal and this ar described as marijuana, hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, and prescription(prenominal) drugs that are not used for medical purposes. Nowadays drugs are everywhere and its becoming more than and more used. Drugs are common in teens and they take drugs with various reasons To have fun, to relax, to sociableize, and to take risks, to relieve tiresomeness and stress. Friends, parents, older brothers and sisters and the media can also have some fascinate over a young persons termination to use drugs.The experience that a person has when using drugs will be affected by the exclusive Mood, physical size, gender, personality, expectations of the drug experience, whether the person has food in his/her stomach and wh ether other drugs have been taken. Drug The metre used, how it is used and the strength and purity of the drug. Environment Whether the person is using it with friends, on their own, in a social setting or at home, at work, before or while driving. Parents know their children best and are therefore in the best position to suggest healthy alternatives to doing drugs. Encouraging children to become involved in sports, clubs, music lessons, community service projects, church, and other after-school activities can keep children and teens active and interested, while expression their confidence and interpersonal skills. These activities will also bring youth closer to parents and to other adults and peers who can influence them in positive ways.

Free

Free Will Philosophy EssayI strongly believe that W. T. Stace is correct bit arguing for the view of soft determinism, also known as compatibilism. Stace believes in compatibilism, which states that determinism is true, just now drop by the wayside allow for still does pull round. He puts both views together by studying the definition of free will. Stace asks, How can anyone be punished or rewarded for his or her actions if they have no control over their actions? That statement seemed extremely win over to me because both dHolbach and Chisholm supported one side of the argument. dHolbach and Chisholm argued that we are either strictly placed by the laws of nature and physics or that we are not determined, rather being we have the situation to do as we choose. Stace on the other hand, put both positions together and made them work together. He explained that the laws of nature and physics do have an impact on our choices, but we do have the efficiency to choose what we want to choose when making a decision.Outside forces may push on our decision, but we are the ones responsible for choosing what we want to choose. He persuasively defends his view of soft determinism by explaining the definition of free will. He states, In order for one to define free will, one must look into how the show is commonly used. The way a philosopher interprets free will is different than the way a common somebody will do so.Stace defines free acts as acts that are directly caused by a persons internal thoughts or desires coming directly from the person. Not free acts are those that have turn upside forces thrust a person to do something a certain way such as a flagellum or harm. This was very different from what other philosophers have stated in the past. By providing examples of free will, Stace points out that free will clearly does exist. It wouldnt make sense for free will not to exist since it is compatible with determinism.

Significance of chapter 5 Essay Example for Free

Signifi grassce of chapter 5 EssayBy making achiever agree on devoting two years of his liveness to creating a hideous monster, so that people can live in peace, and nobody getting hurt by the Monster again demonstrates that skipper is a decent man but also making the earth seem even more heartless. The voice communication used in the impudent can also be related to the way the society acts towards master and the creation. People were deeply religious and also the suggestion that man can posses the same powers as beau basel was shocking and immoral to the church. Victor Frankenstein had stolen dead bodies from a graveyard, and the church thought this was disrespectful. Although the monster was created by tender parts society judged him because he was different. They judged him from what they saw on the outside earlier that the inside appearance. In the k iniquityly era, people who did not follow the code of being standard where immediately hated by the press and ban ned for the reason of being different. When the creation was deserted he wondered in to town, but he had only placed his foot within the door before the children shrieked, and wizard of the women fainted(4).From that moment on he accomplished that people did not like his appearance and hated him because of it. Society had rejected him. The novel as a w lot was linked to the everyday life of Mary Shelly and what happened in society around her. She came up with the idea of Frankenstein in a time of wonder. Shelly- after losing her babies, wondered whether you could bring the dead back to life or rather create a new being. She also had a neighbour named Vultair who was experimenting on bringing frogs back to life using electricity.With in a year Shelly was living in Switzerland with her future husband Percy Bysshe. One night she had her friends come over and decided to have a competition to see who could write the best trace story. Every sensation began to write except Shelly, who was unable to think of a storyline. Desperate for inspiration, that night she had a dream of a scientist who creates life and is horrified by the thing he has made. Historical influences in the book where brought upon the fact that Victor took on the role of being God. When Victor creates the monster it is seen as a biblical quotation.It was already one in the morning the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the savage open it breathed hard, and a convulsive bowel movement agitated its limbs (5). At this moment in time the monster is playing turn, and Victor, his creator, God. Victor creates the monster as an innocent without sin. The monster is not born evil, and his corruption is not his fault. The monster becomes a violent creature after he learns from the human society.The monster was shunned, beaten and offended. His reward for saving a girl was being sh ot. He was like Adam. Adam was also born innocent through God, until he tasted the apple from the steer of Knowledge, from then on he was cast from the heavenly paradise of innocence. In the gothic era recognition was fe ard because people were not ready for change. As a result of living in the dark ages there was no owing(p) change made in cognitions. When Victor made the creation using science it brought great fear to the society. People feared of how the monster looked like and what it was able to do.The novel as a hole is linked to chapter 5 because the theme of playing God is still present in the novel. When God created Adam, Adam felt lonely. Similar to how the creation felt lonely and asked Victor to create a female companionship. hitherto unlike God Victor did not create the female because the idea of the harm the monsters would bring towards the ones he loved was too painful. When God created Eve she sinned against him by not obeying him and eating the forbidden fruit . Fearing what the monster was heart-to-heart on its own only enhanced Victors fear of what it would be capable of when another was created.In expiry chapter 5 is very significant to the novel as whole. It is basically the turning point of the novel where the creation is made. The writers use of language is relevant to how the characters behave and how the writer sets up the atmosphere of the novels setting. Reading the novel is educational and teaches alot, similar to how the 19th century life was different from the life we live in now. This brings up the headspring would the creature be treated differently if it had been created now? The whole novel is based on a what if bases and is also important for considering when it was written and the ethics behind it. This is revealed by the way Shelly uses language for contrast. The characters in the novel are more on the tow dimensional type of characters. These characters are built around a single idea or quality and are not describe d in a great detail. Their main role is usually to contrast or support the main characters. In Frankenstein, the only deuce-ace dimensional characters are victor and his creation. These are the characters that are described in great dept.chapter 5 raises the questions that are later on answered in the novel and the story of Frankenstein explains how different Mary Shellys time was from ours. 1 (1)- Book- Frankenstein/ the late Protheus. Author- Mary Shelly Published-1993 by worldworth edition limited Chapter 5 page 30 (2) -Chapter 5 page 1 (3) -Chapter 5 page 37 (4)- Chapter 11 page 57 (5)- Chapter 5 page 56 make preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

The Creation of a Common Market for Financial Services in the European Union Essay Example for Free

The Creation of a Common commercialise for Financial Services in the European Union EssayOf whole the global achievements in the last 50 years, scotch integrating in Europe may be considered as the most notable of all. From a continent stranded by war and differences in culture, Europe has proceeded to become an economic and political leader today. The formation of the European Union (EU), the accession of the 15 European countries to the Community, and the introduction of a atomic number 53 currency which were all deemed excessively difficult fool all become realities, proving skeptics that there is look forward to for a united Europe. From the beginning, the idea hobo united Europe centered on economic prosperity.While conflicts in European countries were political in nature, it was almost always related to resource allocation. The signing of the treaty of Rome in 1957 signaled the start of a gradualist approach to building the European Union as we know today. By pr eventing the establishment of monopolies, enabling the worldly concern of common policies and granting commercial privileges to the colonies of the Member States, the Treaty of Rome put into motion the progressive economic desegregation which in turn, led to the longer term objective of political union in the continent (O pilea 2003).The Treaty of Rome paved the way for the creation of a common securities industry wherein persons, work and crownworks can freely move across b determines. Yet, despite the indepgoalence of establishment set out in Article 43, the freedom to admit cross border services as provided by Article 49 and the free front end of smashing espoused by Article 59 (European Council 1957), the focus in these early years were mainly on the abolition of tariffs and excise taxes. Following the recession in the early 1980s ( excessively termed as eurosclerosis), the Heads of States have clear-cut to complete the plans for an internal market.As early as 1985 th e potential of a common market for pecuniary services was already recognized. In the 1985 White Paper published by the counsel of the European Communities, it verbalize In the Commissions view, it is no exaggeration to see the establishment of a common market in services as one of the main preconditions for a return to economic prosperitythe repose of fiscal services give represent a major step towards Community pecuniary desegregation and the widening of the Internal Market (Commission of the European Communities 1985). This is a fact that the modern day European Commission (EC) still believes in.With to a greater extent effectual allocation of capital, the Commission hopes to ensure long-term economic performance. More than 20 years after the publication of the 1985 White Paper, Europe is in economic turmoil. Critics have started pinpointing the flaws of creating the EU, and the Commission essential again enumerate the advantages of an integrated fiscal market, as well a s report on the developments aimed at this direction. What argon the different steps made toward pecuniary integration? What are the specific features of the liberalization broadcast? What are the results achieved from these reforms?These are just some of the issues which will be discussed in this paper. What does a individual(a) Market Look Like? While so mevery legislators talk about the Single Market for financial services, very few actually understand what it is, and what can be expected from it. In sum, however, a richly functioning unified market allows buyers and sellers of assets to deal with one an other, regardless of the location of their systems and infrastructure. It allows market participants, both the intermediaries (brokers) and the end users, to raise funds and profit in all Member States without fulfilling additional licensing entreatments.Financial institutions which legally fit in one Member State can open new cross border trading operations without needin g to pay additional fees or acquiring new certification from the armament country. These same institutions are also given access to all essential systems and infrastructures they will need to continue their operation (The Working assemblage in City of London 2000). All financial institutions duly indorsed in their internal countries can work as intermediaries in the financial market offering the same functions, products and services across all Member States.In the same manner, infrastructure providers are free to offer their services in any country which belongs to the EU (The Working Group in City of London 2000). Needless to say, a Single Market is a venue for competition and innovation. It enables Member States to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the 27 countries and 480 meg people in the Community without worrying about the risks. It allows Member States to take advantage of the benefits of free trade, tour at the same time erecting safeguards that can protec t their own economy from increasing capriciousness which is a major characteristic of globalization.The Benefits of a Single Market According to the EC, the completion of a single market for financial services isa crucial part of the European Commissions predominant objective of achieving more and better jobs in a more dynamic, innovative, attractive Europe (European Commission 2010). salvage in mind that the financial market deals mainly with savings (whether individual or institutional) which can accordingly be used as capital. With a Single Market for financial services, Member States can hope to achieve the following advantages (The Working Group in City of London 2000 pp.7-8) Improved allocation of capital, due to the lower transaction costs and gamyer market liquidity. More expeditious movement in the security system market which allows savings to become investments. More innovative financial systems which lead to a diversified (hence, a more stable) portfolio of in vestments. More efficient financial transactions as brought about by the competition among financial intermediaries in the EU. Increased opportunity to take advantage of the economies of scale.In the 1985 White Paper, it was stated that in order for the internal market to become a possibility, firms and private individuals must have access to more efficient financial services. With open competition among financial institutions, they will be forced to reevaluate their processes so that restrictions to capital movements are kept to a minimum (Commission of the European Communities 2005). The White Paper also believed that more efficient financial transactions will reinforce the European Monetary System and ensure the stability of the mass meeting rate (Commission of the European Communities 2005).Even in those early days, it was already known that the free movement of capital coupled with greater financial freedom will enable Member States to enact sound economic policies, hence, p romote economic stability. In recent years, the need for a Single Market for financial services has become even more important. With the improvement in technology came the increased access to knowledge and information, which in turn affected strategic decisions and competition.In order to survive a globalized economy, companies have to find more efficient processes so that they can take advantage of the economies of scale. And yet, even the creation of efficient processes will require capital. With lesser restrictions among EU countries, companies can now raise funds from any side of the Community. Aside from this, the high interest rates have led to the increase in the demand for high-yield securities and assets, but with the deceleration in productivity came the need to manage portfolios more actively.Investors have become more wary and will not release capital without the assurance of profit. With a Single Market for financial services, the EU has provided stability in portfolios because of the increase in the number of investment tools on hand(predicate) in the Community. A Single Market for financial services allows capital to flow smoothly because it provides investors an attractive market where there are more opportunities to mob risk, as well as improved chances to profit.With the increase in the flow of investments in all financial institutions in the EU, businesses can have additional sources of capital which they can then use to expand their operations, and provide employment. The achievement of the Single European financial market is the most crucial factor in creating the most hawkish and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable growth with more and better jobs and greater genial cohesion (The Working Group in City of London 2000 pp. 8).For citizens, a single market for financial services meant that the capability to open bank accounts in any country in the EU, buy and sell shares in foreign companies, purchase real estate basically to find an investment with the best return. On the other hand, for companies, it means the ability to invest (and own) other European companies and play a big berth in their management. The financial market is a global industry where global players seek international markets which will give the best advantages in terms of cost, profit, flexibility and liquidity.An integrated European financial market makes available a number of opportunities from retail investors, to wholesale financial markets for global traders. Steps toward Financial Integration in the EU The move towards financial integration in the EU can be traced as removed back as the 1970s with the release of the major leadings in banking, insurance and investments. The offset banking directive cogitate on the establishment of credit institutions within the Community.According to this directive, all banks operating in the Community which have plans of establishing operation on another country must obtain authorization from the supervisory body of the host country. At the time, European Community (EC) banks were subject to restriction, especially in the range of activities they can perform. Many of these restrictions are listed on the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Keep in mind, however, that this directive has been issued in the 1970s while the similar legal framework from the World Trade Organization (WTO) was released unless in the 1990s.By 1989, a new banking directive was released. The second directive introduced a single banking license wherein the banks home country is responsible for checking the financial institutions overall solvency, and the fulfillment of minimum capital requirements. Once the bank was licensed in its home country, it can then expand its operations to other Member States without completing separate authorization requirements (Pasadilla 2008 pp. 3). Aside from these two directives, other directives affecting banking policies were re leased.Some of them were winding the harmonizing of accounting rules, the removal of exchange controls, the setting of minimum capital requirements, and the definition of banking activities. Integration in insurance and investment mirrors the same steps made in banking. Major directives were also released, each one amending the previous. The first directive in this sector paralleled the first banking directive wherein authorization procedures were outlined. In a subsequent directive, the home country control was enhanced and certain supervisory provisions were specified.

Hershey chocolate Essay Example for Free

Hershey chocolate EssayGo the Hershey website to learn how to make Hershey chocolate. (There is also a print genial version of the chocolate making impact at the end of the video.) Review the process and take a look at some of the videos. Pay particular attention to the process steps of milling and pressing, mixing the ingredients, and refining. In at least whizz paragraph, describe the courting system that you would recommend Hershey use to government note for its cost of goods sold and why. Include a few product be you think would be traceable, which be should be allocated and how Hershey should account and apply the manufacturing overhead costs. After reviewing the production videos on the Hersheys website, it seems likely the telephoner would use process costing versus job costing techniques to track the costs associated with producing the discordant chocolate bars. two techniques will identify the costs associated with producing the candy bars, the difference is the process costing technique allocates the total cost of production across all units of output. This usually entails accumulation of costs for for each one stage (or department) of production and delegate those costs to all output from that stage. I feel that the process technique best matches the production process Hershey utilizes.Even on their website videos, Hershey breaks the production of the candy bars into seven separate functions, each with the end object of developing the finest chocolate bars possible but with unique and separate processes. Just as Hershey has quadruplex processes, they will also deem multiple product costs. A few traceable product costs that come to mind are associated with the seven website videos. The first film shows the production of the raw cocoa beans. The bon ton will determine the costs associated with the purchase of raw materials such as the beans, sugar, and milk. This cost would be covariant costs, as the production is increased, the volume of raw materials would also increase. The second stage of roasting and breaking the beans may also have variable inventory costs, and possibly a combination provoke costs to screw up the roasters. Hershey will always have the fuel costs, but the amounts will vary depending on the amount of beans universe roasted.The third stage of milling and pressing the beans will also have a combination of fuel cost to run the machinery. The process of blending and mixing of the chocolate looks to have a lot of look labor and once again fuel costs to run mixers, heaters and dryers in addition to the variousemployees creating beam labor costs. The refining process runs many heavy granite rollers and mixers to develop the chocolate into a smooth texture and will also generate additional fuel and power costs. Finally, the wrapping and packaging stages will have variable costs for the materials to wrap and package the candy in preparation for transportation to the consumer.In each of th e categories, fuels and power costs are utilized in the preparation of the chocolate bars. This is one cost that one that could be allocated to each department. In addition, the facility costs, square footage and non direct labor may be allocated to the various departments. I feel Hershey should debit factory overhead for the actual costs incurred and credit Factory viewgraph as these costs are allocated to Work in Process, which eventually gets transferred to expense as Cost of Goods interchange as shown via the preceding entries.

Characters Compared to Celebrities Essay Example for Free

Characters Compared to Celebrities judgeTom Buchanan is the husband of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Tom can be exposit as an extremely wealthy brute of a man. He is very athletic and successful. Tom is excessively very selfish, and he willing do anything to get what he wants. In addition he has short no shame in anything that he does and he thinks very highly of himself. Tom is very judgemental and oft forces confrontation. These characteristics can be found in many spoiled and greedy celebrities, one of which is Donald saddle horn. Three qualities that we will examine between Tom and Donald will be greed, selfishness, andI would think that Tom represents a Donald surpass figure. Toms fairly ostentatious state of being in the opening chapter is something akin to Trump. Additionally, Tom has no trouble with the magnitude of me and the perceive of his own superiority.Indeed, Trump is similar in that he has no shortage of faith in self . Where I think that their real connection lies in how they feel that their success allows them to parlay this into oratory with an air of authority on any subject. Tom has no basis or any head to speak of the coloured people or the threatening of the White society. He holds no degrees of advanced exact in this field nor does his theory even make logical sense. Yet, because he is wealthy and represents a sense of power, he is able to speak with absolute clarity, and presumes that others will take what he says as gospel, as if the jurisprudence is being written as it is being said.Trump operates in much of the same manner. He believes that his insights on national topics are relevant because he is a success. He can publicly weigh discover a run for the political office of President because of his success and his wealth. His ability to speak of issues such as 9/11 or Rosie ODonnell are only accepted, or entertained because of his wealth. In this manner, Tom and Trump are fairly s imilar.

Government Aid in Africa’s Education Essay Example for Free

Government forethought in Africas Education EssayAmerica has had a spacious influence on Africas developing education system. The reason I assimilate chosen this denomination is because it gives a brief relish into how American organizations have played a big role in the advancement of Africas education. The article informs me that some of the same educational programs African-Americans are provided with in the U. S. were exported to Africa. The cities that already had a decent economy reliable them first. In the 1970s Europe and America promoted education to Africa but many rejected the programs. They supported missionary and independent African schools because they provided higher training and education. Within the book, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, it states how the books that William borrowed from the library were donated by an American organization. Without those key books on physics and engineering William probably would not be where he is today. This article prov es how oft of an influence America has had on the rise of Africas education.I wanted to know how much financial aid did Africas education development received from America. The article shows how American organizations have made a bang-up impact in Africas education. Unfortunately the article didnt give me all of the exact randomness that is needed. Indeed, it states the programs that have basically helped Africa stats its educational foundation. It lacks information on Americas current government help. It also does not tell the current state of Africas educational system.Information on more organizations and grants that have helped is also need. Re essay Improvement Completing this assignment has improved my research strategies exponentially. The school advance search has helped me out a lot with this assignment. At first my research strategies were poor and not at the collegial level but now they are improved. I believe they will enhance throughout my historic period in colle ge now. I am extremely proud of myself and thankful for the librarian showing us this great way to do research.

System development life cycle

constitution training life cycleThe study contains the brief overview of the carcass of rules development life cycle followed in Shriv Commedia resolutenesss Pvt Ltd. The fox includes the adequate technical details intimately the contrary contours including the practical example of banking company management governing body developed by SCMS for its client corporal lodge. The methodological analysis followed by SCMS for scheduling the project (using Gantt chart) and the softw ar employ in assisting the thinkning play be depict in report. Various samples including the feasibleness shew conducted by scheme analyst and technical tests conducted by developer are mentioned with the r startine followed during the interrogation process. The possible threats which may result to the loss of cognition have been described in the report and the recommendations (solutions) to avoid such threats are in any case discussed.In general, the report includes the procedure of th e reading organization development in SCMS a capacious with the practical description of the SDLC process, Gantt chart, testing process and the threats for the information strategy (with recommendations). pertinent examples are included wherever felt necessary to facilitate the reader for easy understanding of the report.Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt ltd (SCMS) is a dedicated bundle program product based company which foc employments in areas equal Software development, Web designing, Multimedia services, Outsourcing, E-commerce, expert writing, Search engine optimization and testing solutions, providing the services to the clients ranging from public to private sector.Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd has been operating under the software development atmosphere since 2001. It has its head office located in India and the branches in UK, Canada and US, both of them focusing on finest, cost-effective and timely solutions. With the main pillars, mission, vision and values, SCMS h as been rapidly progressing in todays competitive IT world. It has been successful in providing the ground break aparting and correct solutions to its clients with the client based approach.From the list of trunks developed by SCMS we have decided to discuss the Bank management system developed for corporate bank by SCMS. Corporate bank was established on 1906 and is one of the imperative clients of SCMS since 2004. The system developed by SCMS for Corporate bank is designed in the style to achieve the maximum security for the entropybases applyd to store the details about completely the banking trans meets as well as the account details of the costumers. It is overly capable of recording the selective information of the bank employees. For example, Employee paysheet records, details of employee and the attendance of employee.The system developed is able to work with all, internet, intranet as well as extranet. It was also optimized to work with different operating system a nd was capable to be upgraded along with the introduction of the new technology. winning the same banking management system developed by SCMS into consideration, each of the development methodology is discussed further in the project.Information System poseur in Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd.Information System Model states an elementary conceptual define for the major components and activities of information system. In Shriv Commedia Solution Pvt. Ltd, information system depends on the resource of people, software, hardware, data and net incomes to practice input, processing, output and storage and control activities that converts data resource into information products.Information system Model of Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd. illustrates that information system consists of 5 major Components1. PEOPLE RESOURCES In SCMS people (end drug substance abusers and IS specialists) are necessary for the function of all information system.2. SOFTWARE RESOURCES it includes all sets of information processing instructions3. HARDWARE RESOURCES It comprises of all the physical materials and devices used in information processing.Machines All physical devices Computers, peripherals and telecommunication networks.Media all tangible objects in which data is put downHardware resource in SCMS4. DATA RESOURCE- Data are raw facts and figures typically about physical phenomena or business transaction. Data constitutes a valuable organizational resource. SCMS process data into information and organize it for future use. In SCMS data resource of information system are typically organize into5. NETWORK RESOURCE It includes the means of communication within the organization or with the outside world like internet, intranet by which data or information sack be transferred between the different departments of the organization. Telecommunication network like internet, intranet and extranet have become essential for the organizations. Network resources includesSystem Development Lifecycle primarily consists of the five phases including Planning, Analysis, design, executing and support. All the five phases are arranged together and used to build the information system. Followings are just about of the SDLC model used by SCMS depending on the softwares requirementWaterfall ModelPrototype Model reiterative ModelSpiral ModelAgile software Development ModelRAD ModelIn Shriv Commedia Solutions (SCMS) they first take the user requirements and decide which type of models should be followed for the development of the system. The second step go away be to organize the activities by grouping them into larger categories called phases. In this way the phases are formed into the intertwine with support phase pointing to the planning phase whenever there is the necessity to substitute in the information system. The change is determined by the users want of information in different format, release of new version, or collectible to the hardware becoming o bsolete. When the changes occur the planning phase begins again and few part of whole of the system is modified and the system development lifecycle starts again.When corporate Bank offered the project of developing Bank management System to Shriv Commedia Solutions, Spiral Model was followed there in order to develop Bank Management System. They selected spiral Model since it provides early indication of undefeatable risks and users can be closely tied to all lifecycle steps. SCMS arranges its system development process in following order.1. Planning Phase-The client requests are reviewed by the counseling committee (decision reservation body) which consists of 7-8 people in SCMS including vice president, managers and non-managerial employees. During this phaseProject ideas are collected and reviewedProject ideas are prioritized allot resourcesProject Development team is formed2. Analysis Phase-Gather Customer requirements Following techniques are used by SCMS for collecting the requirements from the customersInterviewsQuestionnairesClient DocumentsScenariosRapid PrototypesSelect and justify a project (feasibleness test) study and approve the request for proposalGet the project team in placePrepare the requirements documents guide project kick-off meetingDevelop Statement of Scopewest by south DevelopmentConduct work break down Structure meetingBuild work break down StructureUpdate WBS in project planOutline project planAssign resources to project plan tasks throw entity tattleship plot (ERD)Create Data Flow Diagram (DFD)Define data dictionary come object-oriented analysis3. Design phase-Acquire hardware and software needed for the projectDesign data modelWrite functional specificationsDesign prototypesWrite detailed design specificationsWrite documentation planWrite beta test planWrite customer support planWrite prep planWrite risk management plan4. Implementation phase-Development AND Unit test of Module(1-n)Testing IntegrationSoftware Quality Assur ance (SQA)System testTrack defectsRegression testManage Release and ChangeConfiguration managementNew full releasesMaintenance releasesInstalling and testing of new systemInstall beta test systemConduct beta testsTrack defects and report to customer supportGather requirements for customizationsImplement softwareExecute customer acceptance test procedureCutover development to productionTrainingDevelop breeding specification for end users, help desk support provideIdentify training translatey methodology i.e. computer based, classroomDevelop training materialsDevelop training delivery mechanism5. Support-Post implementation system review-Document lessons learned shell out to team membersCreate software maintenance teamIdentify errors and enhancementMonitor the performance of systemShriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Followed the same method discussed above for accomplishing the project offered by the Corporate BankFollowing steps are used in SCMS to create a Gantt chart-1. All activ ities or task are listed in planThey find out the earliest possible date of all the tasks or activities of project and enter the distance of time it will take and check whether it is parallel or sequential. If the task is sequential they memorialise the stages on which it depends.They use the X axis of the graph paper for the date, week or months required for the expiration of the project and Y axis to itemize the tasks in its order2. Plotting the tasks onto the planThey list the tasks in Y axis on the left hand side of the page and to draw up a pettish first draft of the Gantt chart, they plot each task on the plan showing it starting on the earliest possible date. They draw each task as a horizontal stuff with the length of the bar being the length of the time the task will take. Above each task bar they mark the estimated time taken to complete the task.3. Schedule the tasksNow they redraw the Gantt chart on a impertinently sheet to schedule actions and tasks. They schedul e these in such a way that sequential actions are carried out in the desired sequence e.g. dig holes then lay the foundation and then start construction. They also ensure that these dependent activities do non start until the activities they depend on have been totally completeThey try to schedule parallel task so that they do not interfere the sequential action on the critical path. While scheduling they make sure that they are making the best use of time and resource available to them.Once their Gantt chart is drawn one can see how long it will take to complete the project.Assessment process begins as soon as the requests are received in SCMS. They perform the various feasibility evaluations in order to know how suitable the development of a system will be to the company. The feasibility test process conducted by SCMS for the project request of Corporate Bank consisted 3 phasesThe feasibility tests performed by system analyst of SCMS were1. Operational Feasibility Operational fe asibility was based on the following parametersThe effectiveness of the proposed system in corporate bank.Impact of new system in existing system hirer preferences (collected from interview)Requirements of the new system2. Schedule feasibilityFollowing parameters were prudent for schedule feasibilityThe deadline of the project (either reasonable or not)Estimated time for project completion3. Technical feasibilityFollowing things were considered during technical feasibilityHardware and software required for projectAvailability of the people to deliver and support the proposed system4. Economic feasibilityIn SCMS the economic feasibility test was conducted by system analyst with the assistance of financial analyst. Following were the parameters looked upon for economic feasibilityBenefits of the proposed system to the corporate bankCost-Benefit relation regarding the system useAfter the feasibility test was conducted the system analyst submitted the feasibility report to the steering committee recommending the further study (detailed analysis) of the corporate bank. Feasibility report in case of SCMS was a create verbally document submitted with the details of the existing system, benefits of new system and recommendation.The implementation phase in SCMS consists of four major phasesDevelopment of the programTesting of the new systemTrain the usersConvert to new systemSCMS generally uses two methods for the development of the program.Outsourcing the programDeveloping the programSCMS sometimes outsource the software required for them exclusively most of the times the development process is favoured. During the preparation of the software for Corporate Bank following software and technologies were used by SCMS.The tests performed by SCMS for verifying the Bank management system designed for Corporate Bank were1. Functional TestingThe main objective of the functional test was to ensure that each of the elements of the system meets the user requirements. The requ irements wereRequirements placed by user (corporate bank)Business Design SpecificationYear 2000 development standard divergent phases of functional testing werea. Validation TestIt basically checked the Windows GUI standards, Valid, invalid and limit data input, Screen and field look and appearance, and Overall consistency with rest of the units.b. Specific functional test (UNIT TEST) misfortunate level tests which were conducted to test the individual process and data fertilise.2. System TestThis test was performed to check whether all the units of the application were working together to produce the output and there is no gaps in the data flow from one unit to new(prenominal).3. Integration TestIntegration test was performed by associateing the application with the different other application. The performance of the application with different other software was noted and the application was verified based on the results.4. Performance TestingThis test was carried out to verify that the system provides the acceptable response time (should not exceed 4 seconds).5. Regression TestingThe main objective of the regression test was to observe the functionality and stableness of the software. It was automated with the help of the automated testing tools. Test environment available in visual studio apartment and NUnit software was used to automate the testing of the application designed for Corporate Bank.Several formal reviews were carried in the lead and during the tests and they were documented. The major formal review points were placed in different stages of testing as shown in the diagramWhen all the tests were performed by the developer and all the errors /bugs were fixed, the additional tests were performed to ensure that system was working in integrated manner. In this way the application designed for the corporate bank was verified by the developers team.During the system development in SCMS there are various security that arises which may lead to the i nformation loss. Following are some of the security risks and their solutions to prevent the information loss1. Server DowntimeRiskServer downtime may cause the horde to stop working so that the entire computer bridged with the server will be unable to connect with server. This may cause the loss of the information when the information is being sent to server.SolutionBefore upgrading or migrating to a different physical server, make sure servers pass all tests prior to full deployment, and test and debug all applications prior to full deployment.2. Obsolete application and toolsRiskDue to the defect in the application and tools the loss of the information may occur. Hardware crashes and Software misadventure may occur make the information loss.SolutionMake the careful inventory of the all applications and tools currently in use, prior to system implementation. Always use the trusted Hardware brands and software brands to avoid the hardware/software failure. Benchmarking testing c an prove fruitful to check the hardware or software.3. Computer Virus, Worms and TrojansRisksThese are the malicious-logic program which act without user knowledge can alter the computers operation and result to information loss.SolutionsFollowing measures can be take to prevent the computer viruses, worms and TrojansPrevent starting the computer with removable media in drives.Never open an email attachment from source other than trusted.Set the macro security level to medium in the rallying cry processing or spreadsheet programs.Install the genuine version of the operating systemInstall the good antivirus software (updatable, reliable and efficient)4. Denial of Service (DoS) attackRiskA DoS attack is designed to constipate the server. The perpetrators use the softwares of codes to send thousand of requests to the server so that the valid user cant connect the server.SolutionThe best way to prevent the DoS attack is not letting the DoS style attacks closely the webserver. The t ools like apaches mod_security or mod_dosevasive/mod_evasive can be used to drop the abusive IP address at the firewall earlier they get anywhere near the webserver.5. BackdoorsRiskBackdoors are the programmer created algorithms which bypass security mechanisms and provides the assenting to the programs so as to access the program for troubleshooting or saving the development time. But hackers and crackers use backdoors to gain access to program and inject the malicious code to the program causing the information loss.Solutions skitter for the Backdoors with the help of tools available in market. Eg SpyHunter security toolUpdate the antispyware softwareFor developer Try avoiding the backdoors during the design phase or eliminate the backdoors before the delivery of the software to the client.6. Hardware FailureRiskHardware failure can cause the loss of information stored in hard drives.SolutionsFrequently backup the hard drivesUse Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) to pre vent hardware crashesOnline Storage of the data and informationAfter the look for conducted on the System Development lifecycle of Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd we came to conclude that the company (SCMS) follows the general five phases of the information system development cycle for the project received. It follows all the five phases thoroughly and tends to meet the user requirements by developing the perfect matching solutions for their business.We came to know that the system analyst has the major role in the development process as he/she acts as the bridge between both users and developers. Analyst is the person who conducts the feasibility tests and decides the suitability of the project for company. The project development team consisting of different level of employees work on the project, as scheduled on Gantt chart, designed by the project leader. SCMS conducts the different tests during and after the designing of the application to make the application error-free befo re it is delivered to the client.There are also many security threats for the application which may cause the information loss. By the help of the look into we came to know the measures to eliminate the security risks and protect the loss of information.In general, after the research on SCMS and its system development methodology in case of Corporate Bank (one of its client) we had the detailed knowledge of the different phases of the information system development lifecycle and the possible threats for the information loss.

Unified Power Quality Conditioner Engineering Essay

Unified Power Quality Conditioner Engineering EssayAbstract-The aim of this paper is to present a constant frequence structured baron woodland conditioning system(CFUPQC)which consists of an unified bureau none conditioner(UPQC) elongated by adding a absolute absolute frequency changer in between the ring road active filter and serial active filter . The serial active filter and shunt active filters mainly employ to repair the potential difference, contemporary imbalance and appealings. The frequency convertor is used to compensate the bring out frequency when it varies beyond the place tincture limit. The proposed configu dimensionn all converters be machine-accessible back to back on the dc view and shargon the putting green dc standoff capacitor. The simulation pull up stakess be presented to confirm that the new approach has offend performance than the traditional UPQC.Index Terms-CFUPQC, frequency changer, electromotive force ancestor converter (V SC), Matlab simulinkINTRODUCTIONUunifed great power quality conditioner is an advanced concepts in the atomic number 18a of power quality correspond. The basic working principle of unified power quality conditioner is based on series and parallel power converters that sh argon a common dc link 1.Unified power quality conditioner is used to compensate electromotive force drop, emf sheikh 2 , veritable harmonics 3 it is likewise creates an impact on the thermolabile power 4 through shunt potentiality reservoir inverter and series electromotive force ancestry inverter. In roam to avoid the switching oscillation, a passive filter is utilise at the issue signal of each inverter. At the end product of shunt inverter a high pass bite order LC filter is allocated and the output of series inverter low pass minuteond order LC resonance filter is allocated. UPQC command provides the hire potential difference through the UPQC series inverter and conditioning the flow r ate through the shunt inverter by fast sampling of load current and source voltage. The wing current are compared with the shunt inverter output current (,) and are fed to hysteresis type(PWM) current controller. There are some problems with PQC. As the tote up frequency changes the UPQC will notcompensate the voltage sag and swell and current harmonicsproperly. This happens due to the presence of LC filters at theInverters output terminals. It is directly affected by the variation of supply frequency. image.1 Basic Configuration of Constant frequence Unified Power Quality Conditioner (CFUPQC) digit 1 shows the proposed improved conformity of constant Frequency unified power quality conditioner. This modified unified power quality conditioner concepts enables the PWM converter to perform not single active filtering purpose, also the function of frequency changer. The fee principle of the CFUPQC will be described in the coming sections. The proposed unified power quality condi tioner has to satisfy the following requirements. Reactive power is maintained at minimum nurse. The load voltage should be maintained at the rated supply voltage. Maintain the input current with very low harmonic content. Assure the supply frequency is permissible within the power quality limits .The simulations result will be presented to validate the proposed CFUPQC.frequency quality indicesIn order to characterize the power system frequency on a lower floor normal operating condition the following indices are usedWhere fr is the rated frequency (50 or 60) Hz and f is the real frequency.The relative frequency variance(2)The integral deviation during the delay inevitable to ensure appropriate of clock synchronized to the electrical network frequency(3) accord to the standard En 50160/2006rated frequency of supply voltage is 50Hz.Under normal operation conduction the mean quantify of the fundamental frequency measured over loss stay within the following range.50 Hz+ 1%.ie 49.5 -50.5Hz for 99.5%of the year50 Hz+ 4%.ie 47-52Hz for 100%of the quantify.But as power frequency may not be exactly 50Hz within the time interval. The fundamental frequency output is the ratio of the number of integer cycle counted clearing 10s time interval divided by the cumulative valuate of the integer value. The step taken to maintain the frequency with in required limits render deviation from the normalized value very rate phenomena. In this way an analysis is of the influence of frequency variation on the final customer is only for a reduced interval about +3Hz of the rated value and for rather short period. in spite of appearance the reduced variation field (40%)a considerable number of static customers are not affected by the system variation(rectifier , resistance, ovens, electric arc ect)but 60%of the consumers (fans, motors ect)affected by the frequency variations. The a synchronic and synchronous driving motors committed the supply network used extensely in individua l acceleration have the power frequency changes. Depending on the mechanical characteristic fixture of the motor and also depends on the supply frequency 13.The speed of asynchronous motors or synchronous motor unlimited drags to the electric power supply variations s proportional to the applied voltage frequency. The frequency variation leads to the correspond modification of the process production time throughout the supply with a reduced frequency depressing the supply frequency capacitive circuit, transformer, relay coil are affectedConstant Frequency Unified Power Quality Conditioner (CFUPQC)CFUPQC structureFig.3 Proposed ConfigurationModified configuration of UPQC consist of shunt active filter, series active filter, voltage source inverter and voltage source converter shown in Fig(3).CFUPQC similar to the UPQC expect the frequency changing section. UPQC has the potential drawbacks in the hybrid filtering performance. Since its filter in characteristics depends on load impeda nce and supply frequency. CFUPQC series active filter is used for compensation the voltage harmonics and voltage imbalance In addition the voltage source converter supplies the AC to DC power and is fed to common DC link. The CFUPQC consists of parallel active filter (PAF) that eliminates load harmonics and compensates load reactive power. The control comparability isIpf=G.IL (4)Where g is the control function, is fundamental frequency.IL is the load current, Ipf is the parallel filter input current components for compensation are extracted from load current and load voltages using theory while the converter is a current controlled device using 20 kHz clocked hysteresis band. serial active filter (SAF) that compensates supply harmonics flicker, voltage sag/swell, unbalance and diode + capacitor type load harmonics to flow in to the parallel filter. harbour equation iscomp (5)Where k is regulator gain, Usf is the series filter voltage, Ish are harmonic supply current and Ucomp is c ompensation voltage needed to remove supply voltage imperfection. Ish are extracted to theory.Active rectifier (AR) for real power convert to/from common DC bus and for DC bus control. Switching losses and power received from the dc link capacitors through the series inverter bay window decrease the average value of dc bus. Other distortions such(prenominal) as unbalanced conditions and sudden changes in load current can result in oscillation in dc bus voltage .In order to solve the fluctuated dc voltage the three soma rectifier is used .DC bus voltage is maintained constant using three-phase rectifier converter for bi-directional power flow and is controlled in such a way that it is insensitive to supply voltage imperfections.Rms value of the output voltage Vorms=0.9558VmlRms value of the output current Iorms=0.9558ImlWhere ml is maximum value of line current. Multi stage 48 pulse voltage source inverter (VSI) supplies the constant power frequency when the supply frequency will change. here(predicate) multilevel voltage source inverter is used, to eliminate the harmonic component of the output. The frequency converter is placed in between the series and shunt active filters. Normally the voltage source converters (rectifiers) generate the current harmonics. In order to avoid the harmonics and reactive power the rectifier is placed at the middle of the two active filters. Similarly if the load is increased voltage dip may occur in front of voltage source inverter. At the same time series active filter compensate the voltage problems.Control system of the CFUPQC shunt PartFig.4 Control System of the Shunt CFUPQC1) CFUPQC shunt inverter control systemIn the Fig (4) shows the shunt inverter controlling gag law diagram of CFUPQC using synchronous wing frame theory where the sensitive loads current are . The measured currents of load are transferred in to frame using sinusoidal functions through synchronous propagation frame conversion. The sinusoidal functi ons are obtained through the grid voltage using phase lock loop(PLL). Here the currents are divided in to ac and dc components(6)(7)The equation (6) and (7) and are the real and reactive components.ac components and dc elements can be derived by low pass filter.are the dc components and are the ac components of . The control algorithmic program corrects the systems power factor and compensates all the current harmonica component by generating the reference currents given in equation= (8)= (9)The reference current is transferred in to frame through reverse conversion of synchronous reference frame. Resulted reference current () and the output current of shunt inverter () are fed to the hysteresis band controller. Now the required controlling pulses are generated and the required compensation current is generated by the inverter applying these signals to shunt inverters power switch gates.2) CFUPQC Series Inverter Control SystemFig.5 Control System of the Series CFUPQC2) CFUPQC series inverter control systemFig (5) shows the CFUPQC series inverter controlling block diagram using synchronous reference frame theory. In this method the in demand(p) value of load phase voltages in d axis and q axis is compared with the load voltage and the result is consider as the reference signal. The supply voltage detected is detected and transformed in to the synchronous reference frame using(10)The compensating reference voltage in the synchronous reference frame is define as(11)The compensating reference voltage in (11) is then transformed back into the reference frame .Resulted reference voltage () and the output current of shunt inverter () are fed to the hysteresis band controller. The required controlling pulses are generated and the required compensation voltage is generated.3) Control system of 48 pulse voltage source inverter48-pulse voltage source converter consists of four three phase, 3-level inverters and 4 phase-shifting transformers creating phase shift of +/- 7.5degree. This transformer setup neutralizes all unique harmonics up to 45th harmonic. Eight 6-pulse inverters are combined to obtain a 48-pulse with the purpose of reducing harmonic content. Table 1 shows the values of phase shifts which are applied to the inverter voltages in two steps, namely in firing pulses and in Zig-zag transformers, to create a 48-pulse hustleform at the output .Table 148 Pulse voltage source InverterCoupling transformerGate pulse patternPhase shifting transferY-Y+11.25-11.25-Y-18.75o-11.25oY-Y-3.75o+3.75o-Y-33.75o+3.75oY-Y+3.75o-3.75o-Y-26.25o-3.75oY-Y-11.25o+11.25o-Y-41.25o+11.25ocontent in the order of n= 48m1, where m= 0, 1, 2. The main-inverter intermediate-circuit capacitors together have an energy storage efficacy of only 15 J/kVA. An output switching frequency of 1 kHz is chosen, which is fairly clean for this converter. Input is a frequency reference, which is passed through a rate limiter in order to be within the limits of maximum acceleratio n.Fig.6 Control System of the Frequency changer CFUPQCExcept for the 23rd and 25th harmonics, this transformer array neutralizes all odd harmonics up to 45th harmonic. Y and D transformer secondarys cancel harmonics 7+12n (7, 19, 31, 43,)and 5+12n (5, 17, 29, 41,) .In addition, the 15 phase shift between the two groups (Tr1Y and Tr1D leading by 7.5, Tr2Y and Tr2D lagging by 7.5) that allows cancellation of harmonics 11+24n (11, 35,) and 13+24n (13, 37,). Considering that all 3n harmonics are not transmitted by the transformers, the first harmonics that are not canceled by the transformers are therefore the 23rd, 25th, 47th and 49th harmonics. By choosing the appropriate conduction angle for the three-level inverter ( = 172.5), the 23rd and 25th harmonics can be minimized. Using a bipolar DC voltage, the voltage source inverter thus generates a 48-step voltage approximatly a sine wave. The secondary sides of the coupling transformers are connected in series to sum the output voltage s of individual VSIs and results in a multi-pulse phase voltage which can be expressed mathematically as follow(12)Both equations (12) and (13) which are phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral voltage representations, respectively, show that harmonics up to 47th order are inherently filtered. The signalization of the 48-pulse inverter are generated for the inverter having -41.25 of gate pulse phase and directly fed to the corresponding inverter. PWM signals for the remaining inverters are obtained by applying relevant phase shifts to the set of PWM signals generated. For example, in order to obtain the pulses for the inverter having -11.25o of gate pulse +30o of phase shift is applied to the closed loop current controllers output. In practice, the phase shifting of the pulses is realized by applying a delay in the first cycle. The generated set of pulses is the earliest set appearing at the time-line and since it is not possible to apply a negative delay the earliest appearing set is g enerated and the rest are delayed accordingly. When the supply frequency is exceeded beyond the power quality limit the constant frequency voltage source inverter control system change the load from source power supply to the constant frequency inverter power supply.Simulation ResultsThe proposed system, simulation results is simulated by MATLAB software.Fig 7Current harmonic minimization when the supply frequency is normalIn the above simulation some capabilities of UPQC to solve power quality problems are shown. The nonlinear load which is produced harmonic current to the network. Fig. 7 shows that the shunt part of UPQC compensates these harmonicsComponents when the supply frequency is normal.Now sorb that a deep and unbalance voltage sag, as occurs at t = 0.2 s to 0.25 s and voltage swell occurred 0.26 and lasts for 0.3 second.Fig.8. Sag swell condition when the supply frequency is normalIn Fig(8) the UPQC inject the compensation voltage via series inverter and compensate effic iently at 0.2 second sag condition and voltage swell condition at supply frequency normal (60Hz)Fig .9.Series UPQC when the frequency exceed the power quality limitIn fig 9 shows the operation of UPQC when the supply frequency exceeds the power quality limits the output was not found satisfactory .The supply beyond the power quality limit (greater than 63 Hz)at 0.25 second the load voltage waveform varies. The frequency increase rapidly the voltage waveform highly warp as shown in the simulation results Fig 9.Based on the simulation result Fig 10 it is intended that if the supply frequency varies greater than power quality limit the load current wave form is distorted. If the frequency increases the wave form also distort rapidly as shown in fig10.Fig 10. CF- UPQC Operated when Frequency greater than the Power quality limitsFig 11. CF- UPQC Operated when Frequency greater than the Power quality limitsFig 11showsthe proposed CFUPQC model was simulated for a period of 0.01 sec to 0.5 sec from the results in fig 11, it was seen that at 0.28 sec the supply frequency crossed the power quality limit at 0.29.Fig.12. CF-UPQCs inverter supplying current under over frequency conditionThe above simulation shows the 48 pulse inverter carries the load current when the supply frequency varied beyond the power quality limit. When the frequency exceed the limits at 0.28 sec. the voltage source converter supply the power.The above simulation result Fig(13) clearly shows when the frequency changes the asynchronous motor speed also changes and the UPQC also not deliver the voltage sinusoidal. In this case the load connected in to paper mills, relays are affected.Fig.13. UPQC connected asynchronous motor under over frequency conditionFig.14. CFUPQC connected asynchronous motor under over frequency conditionThe proposed model simulation fig 14 shows when the supply frequency change the motor speed not changed and the CFUPQC also work satisfactory panel I11PARAMETER VALUES OF THE UNDERPROPOSED SYSTEMPower quality problemsUPQCUPQCCF-UPQCCF-UPQCFrequency Hz58-62Hz62Hz-60-